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1、涂装常见缺陷分析涂装常见缺陷分析G3G3MODULE NAMEMODULE NAMEMODULE NUMBERMODULE NUMBER*2漆膜缺陷原因分类:n n涂料问题涂料问题( (Product problems)n n应用不良应用不良( (Application problems) n n设备因素设备因素( (Equipment problems) n n环境因素环境因素( (Environment Cause) n n颜色问题颜色问题(Colour problems) *3漆膜硬度不够（weak):描述(DESCRIPTION)表现为漆膜软, 很容易被 划伤；相应的耐溶剂性能表现 差
2、。*4原因（cause)： 通常是漆膜树酯交链不够好，而交链不够的主要因素有：树酯分子选择不合适；未完全干燥；高温漆或双组份漆烘烤温度不够；双组份漆固化剂配比不对。*5起泡（blowing)：*6起泡的原因(cause)：通常是基底有锈迹(擴大）、污垢、小 凹孔、磷化渣质、水汽等被封在漆膜 底下，漆膜在烤干或受热（受熱膨脹 ）时，这些物质彭涨将漆膜顶起造成 。*7起泡的原因：底下有 Money!*8溶剂泡（Solvent Popping ）描述（DESCRIPTION）新喷漆膜表面有直径小于1MM的小气泡。Open topped blisters up to 1mm in diameter o
3、n the surface of the most recently applied paint film.*9溶剂泡（Solvent Popping ）起因（CAUSE） Air or solvent vapour trapped by fast drying paint forming a skin. This may be due to: a) 天那水太差或太快干。poor quality or too fast thinner. b) 喷得太厚或两层漆之间干燥时间不够。excessive film thickness, or insufficient drying time betwe
4、en coats. c) 压缩空气压力太低。compressed air pressure too low. d) 加热太快。drying temperature too high, heat source too close to the film, too hot, or applied too soon.*10溶剂泡（Solvent Popping ）n预防（PREVENTION）na) 确保工件表面清洁Ensure that the surface is scrupulously clean.nb) 使用合适的天那水。Use only recommended thinner.nc) 每
5、层漆膜厚度合适，并适当闪干Apply paint in thin, wet films. Allow sufficient drying time between coats.nd) 使用正确的喷漆压力Use correct compressed air pressure.ne) 烘烤前适当流平，避免加热过快，热源过近。Allow sufficient flash off time before force drying, ensure that the correct drying temperature is not exceeded. Do not allow the heat sour
6、ce to be placed too close to the surface.*11针孔（Pinholing）描述（DESCRIPTION）小凹穴，通常直径小于1MM。Small cavities, generally less than 1 mm in diameter, *12针孔（Pinholing）预防（PREVENTION ）a)一次不要喷得太厚。Do not spray too thick one time, b)烘烤之前适当流平。Flashing the film before baking.c) 使用涂料厂商推荐的附料。Use only recommended materi
7、als. d) 正确调配油漆，使用较慢干稀释剂。Mix the paint correctly, use slow dry thinner.E）保持底材干净。)Keep materials clean.*13鱼眼/ Fish Eyes (cissing)好可爱噢， 真的象鱼眼睛呢！*14产生鱼眼的原因(cause)：放大之后中间有核,通常是*素材被含硅silicon类的物质污染。*素材未很好清洁。*裸手接触工件。*油漆一次喷涂太湿。*油漆体质敏感。*15预防(PREVENTION)鱼眼的产生a)Keep the part away from silicone pollution b)Thoro
8、ughly clean the surface with wax and grease remover. Do not allow cleaning solvents to dry on the surface but remove with a clean dry cloth,c)Always use the recommended materials. d)Ensure that the spraying area is properly ventilated.*16与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷1.水泡(blister)n工件表面被溅上水 珠。n你见过水性漆出现 此缺陷吗？*17与鱼眼相似的其它缺
9、陷2.油污(oil pollution)n工件表面被轻质油 污染.*18起云/斑纹,(Clouding / Mottling )*19起云/斑纹,(Clouding / Mottling )起因:常见于银粉漆，主要是银粉排列不一致。主要原因有：十字交叉喷涂；使用太差的稀释剂；或稀释剂加入太少。枪未调好；喷涂手法不正确。5素材厚薄不一（这种情况常叫应力纹）。*20应力纹(mapping): 在5220机壳上常出现应力纹的地方*21脏点/尘点/异色点(Dirt / threads / Bits) *22脏点/纤维/异色点（Dirt / threads / Bits）*23脏点/纤维/异色点（Dir
10、t / threads / Bits ）n此类缺陷目前占有 相当大的比例，您 知道其主要原因是 什么吗？*24颗粒(particles)产生原因素材本身灰尘未被去除；油漆未过滤， 或滤网太粗 或太脏；喷房、流平间、烤房等环 境被污染；调漆间脏污，油漆未盖好 ；调漆罐、供漆管路、喷枪 清洗不够。压缩空气未过滤，或滤网 太脏。*25纤维或毛丝：n主要来自衣服纤维 ，人员走动太多， 未穿防尘衣。n也有来自劣质空气 过滤网。*26当这类缺陷很多时，怎么办？What can I do?*27建议n当这类缺陷很多时，建议将缺陷样品抽 取30-50片进行详细分类（有必要的话， 使用放大镜观察缺陷形状、颜色等
11、）， 然后分析原因 改善 检察改善效果 制定SOP 贯彻执行SOP。*28干喷/异常光泽低 （Dry spray/loss of gloss)描述（DESCRIPTION）虽然漆膜表面光滑,但漆膜表面光泽异常偏低. Although apparently smooth and evenly applied, the surface lacks shine.*29n起因(CAUSE)nMicroscopic roughness of the surface which may result from:na)底漆太差或底漆未干就喷面漆. poor hold out of primer, or th
12、e application of topcoat over primer which is not thoroughly dry.nb)稀释剂太差或加了不合适的添加剂. poor quality or incorrect thinner, or the use of additives in the paint. nc) 素材前处理不当或喷漆手法不对. incorrectly prepared or poorly applied paint.nd)素材质量太差application over a poor substrate. ne) 高湿低温时漆膜干燥太慢. excessively slow
13、 drying due to high humidity or low temperature.nf)溶剂蒸气在漆膜表面冷凝. solvent fumes or exhaust gases attacking the surface.ng)表面被污染. surface contamination by wax, grease, oil, soap or water.*30预防（PREVENTION ）a) 选择正确种类和比例的稀释剂Use the correct proportion of recommended thinner.b) 正确的喷漆手法: 枪距, 扇形, 气压 Use corre
14、ct spraying techniques, ensure that equipment is clean, set air pressure as low as possible, consistent with proper atomisation, spray from the correct distance.c) 使用合适的喷房, 确保喷房有良好的空 气流通. Use a spray booth, and ensure that air circulation and extraction is at the correct velocity.*31漆膜太薄 Inadequate
15、Colour Coverage描述（DESCRIPTION）漆膜过薄可见底材, 通常出现在比较难喷涂的底 侧面等地方. Underlying surfaces visible through the paint film, most frequently in hard to spray areas, on lower panels or on sharp edges and contours.*32n预防（PREVENTION）na) 使用合适的喷涂方法确保合适的漆膜 厚度. Use the correct spraying technique, ensure even and adequa
16、te film thickness.nb) 使用合适的治具, 合适的灯光照明; 特 别注意难喷涂表面. Work under good lighting conditions in a properly sized spray booth, pay special attention to inaccessible areas.nc) 确保漆料混合均匀. Ensure that the materials are thoroughly mixed. *33橘皮（Orange Peel ）描述（DESCRIPTION ）漆膜表面不平整如同桔子皮表面. Pebbled, uneven surface of the paint film, similar in appearance to orange skin.*34橘皮（Orange Peel）起因(CAUSE)a) 喷漆手法太差, 枪距, 空气压力、出漆量
