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1、Unit3Calculate: 词根：calculateadj.calculated 计算出的；适合的；有计划的calculating 计算的；深谋远虑的；审慎的calculable 可计算的；能预测的；可靠的calculative 计算的，善于计算的；精明的n.calculation 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑calculator 计算器；计算者v.calculated 计算；估计；打算（calculate 的过去式和过去分词）calculating 计算（calculate 的 ing 形式）Eg. It is easy to calculate this number if we
2、have calculator.Universal词根：universeadj.universalist 普救说的adv.universally 普遍地；人人；到处n.universe 宇宙；世界；领域universality 普遍性；广泛性；一般性；多方面性universalism 普遍主义；普遍性；普救论universalist 信普救说者；普遍主义者vt.universalize 使普遍化，使一般化Eg: First of all we should make primary education universal.SimplifyEg: This also helps us simpl
3、ify our design.Operator词根：operateEg: Our model is easy to operate and maintain.Technology词根：techniqueadj. technological 技术的；工艺的Eg: At that time it was considered a technological revolution.ArtificialEg: The start of artificial intelligence.SolveSolution nEg: Were trying to solve the difficult proble
4、m by ourselves.Total词根：totadv. totally 完全地Finance词根：financeadj.financial 金融的；财政的，财务的Eg: He does not understand finance at all.Arise 不及物同义词：come out, appear, occur problems ariseelectronic词根：electronadv.electronically 电子地n.electronics 电子学；电子工业electron 电子Eg: The price of electronic products slump rece
5、ntly.定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。 关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等，绝对没有 what；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词常有 3 个作用： 连接作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 一who, whom, that
6、这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who 做主语指人，whom 作宾语指人，that 既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略） ，可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 （whom/that 在从句中作宾语）二代表物时多用 which，但在下列情况中用 that 而不用which： a)先行词是 anything, everyt
7、hing, nothing , none 等不定代词时； b)先行词由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时，这时的 that 常被省略； c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时； d)先行词中既有人又有物时； e)整个句中前面已有 which，who, that 时； f)当先行词为物并作表语时； g)先行词为 one 时； h)先行词同时又被 the only,the very,the same 修饰时三非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部
8、分仍可成立 1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词、物主代词或指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times,
9、 is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔. that 指人时,相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及
10、物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。 ） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I
11、 spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例 2.
12、 Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例 1 D，例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，is 后应跟表语，只有 the one 可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago 则做 one 的定语从句,而句 2 中, 主、谓
13、、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as
14、D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolve
15、s hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you
16、 have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A.
