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1、上海师范大学硕士学位论文大学生择业效能感的研究姓名：龙燕梅申请学位级别：硕士专业：发展与教育心理学指导教师：顾海根20030401龙燕梅: 大学生择业效能感的研究 上海师范大学 2 0 0 3 届硕士学位毕业论文 i大学生择业效能感的研究 摘 要 国外对择业效能感领域的研究已经具有一定的深度 这一领域为职业指导提供了一个新的视角而到目前为止国内对这方面的研究甚少本文首先对择业效能感的概念和测量的理论框架及相关研究进行了综述 然后修订出信效度较高的择业效能感量表 以 419 名来自上海两所高校的大一至大四的学生为研究对象 运用修订的择业效能感量表已有的特质焦虑问卷和内- 外心理控制源量表对这些学
2、生进行了测量一方面分析了大学生择业效能感的一般特点并探讨了在性别专业和年级上的差异以及随年级升高的发展趋势 另一方面 研究了大学生的择业效能感与其特质焦虑心理控制源之间的关系 研究结果表明1 大学生在择业效能感上存在显著的性别和年级差异并不存在专业差异2 就总体而言随着年级的升高大学生的择业效能感呈现出高- 低- 高的发展趋势3 大学生的择业效能感与特质焦虑和内- 外心理控制源之间都存在极其显著的负相关特质焦虑和内- 外心理控制源之间则存在极其显著的正相关4 以内- 外心理控制源和特质焦虑两变量为预测变量预测择业效能感所建立的回归方程具有显著性意义 最后本文对大学生的择业效能感进行了干预研究实
3、验结果显示通过一系列干预方法 可以使个体由外归因转变为内归因 这对减少个体的特质焦虑和提高其择业效能感水平具有促进作用 关键词 大学生 择业效能感 验证性因素分析 特质焦虑 内-外心理控制源 干预 归因训练 龙燕梅: 大学生择业效能感的研究 上海师范大学 2 0 0 3 届硕士学位毕业论文 iiThe study on the career decision-making self-efficacy of the college students Abstract The foreign researches on the domain of career decision-making se
4、lf-efficacy (CDMSE) have been done deeply, and this domain provides a new view point for career guidance. However, in China, researches about CDMSE have been extremely rarely studied by far. Firstly, the foreign studies of CDMSE from the theoretical construction of the conceptualization and measurem
5、ent of CDMSE and the relative researches about it were reviewed in this thesis. Then, a CDMSE Scale with high reliability and validity was revised. 419 college students from grade one to four of two universities in Shanghai participated in the test, using the CDMSE Scale revised by us, Trait Anxiety
6、 Inventory (TAI) and Internal External Locus of Control Scale (I-E LOCS) which are already existing. On the one hand, the characteristics of college students CDMSE were analyzed, and the differences in gender, specialty and grade were discussed in the thesis. On the other hand, the relationships of
7、CDMSE with trait anxiety and internal-external locus of control were studied. The results indicated: (1) The significant gender and grade differences of college students CDMSE were demonstrated, but there were no significant differences in specialty. (2) Generally, with the development of grades, co
8、llege students CDMSE scores showed a high-low-high developmental trend. (3) A significant negative correlation between CDMSE scores and trait anxiety at the .01 level was reported, as well as between CDMSE scores and internal-external locus of control. And it showed that there exists positive correl
9、ation between trait anxiety and internal-external locus of control at the .01 level. (4) As trait anxiety and internal-external locus of control two variables were the predictor of CDMSE scores, the established regression equation was statistically significant. Finally, the intervention experiment r
10、esearch of CDMSE was also studied in this thesis. The results of the experiment showed that an individual could turn his external attribution into internal attribution by a series of intervention ways. It promoted an individual to decrease trait anxiety and increase his level of CDMSE. Key words: co
11、llege students, career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE), confirmatory factor analysis, trait anxiety, internal-external locus of control, intervention, attribution training 龙燕梅: 大学生择业效能感的研究 上海师范大学 2 0 0 3 届硕士学位毕业论文 1大学生择业效能感的研究 第一部分 研究背景 1 引言 自我效能是由美国心理学家 Bandura 1977提出的社会认知理论中的一个核心概念在许多文献中也用自我
12、效能self-efficacy自我效能感perceived self-efficacy自我效能的信念believes of self-efficacy来表述这个概念 目前自我效能的概念正得到广泛的研究和应用在职业指导方面心理学家Betz 和 Hackett1981最早把自我效能理论应用于职业心理学和职业咨询上形成了职业自我效能感 career self-efficacy CSE 的研究领域 到目前为止 Betz 和 Hackett以及他们的同事已经对这一领域中变量之间的相互关系进行了大量的实证研究例如 包括与职业选择行为相关的职业效能感和学术效能感 主要是数学效能感Betz Lent, Bro
13、wn, & Larkin, 1986的研究这一领域为职业指导提出了一个新的研究角度因为以往的职业指导更关注对个体的客观测量 如获得求职者的身体状况 能力倾向 兴趣爱好 气质与性格等方面的个人资料进而达到人 职匹配的目的相比之下职业自我效能感的研究更强调在职业决策过程中人的主体因素作用 它注重个人对自己能力的主观感受 一直以来 在职业自我效能感的研究中最让研究者和参与者感兴趣的领域还是对择业效能感career decision-making self-efficacyCDMSE及其主要的测量工具 择 业效能感量表Taylor & Betz 1983和择业效能感量表 简式 Short FormBe
14、tz, Klein, & Taylor, 1996的研究 国外这方面的资料较为丰富研究得比较深入相比之下我国在择业效能感领 本研究特别感谢美国俄亥俄州立大学的Nancy E. Betz教授和美国马里兰大学的Robert W. Lent教授亲自为作者 提供了大量宝贵的研究资料 Bandura, A.(1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychology Review, 84: 191-215. 吴增强.自我效能一种积极的自我信念. 心理科学2001, 24(4): 499 转 483 Bet
15、z, N.E & Hackett, G.(1981).The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28:399-410 Betz, N.E & Hackett, G. (1983). The relationship of mathematics self-efficacy expectations to the selection of s
16、cience-based college majors. Journal of Vocation Behavior, 23:329-345 Lent, R. W., Lopez, F. G., & Bieschke, K.J. (1991). Mathematics self-efficacy: Sources and relation to science-based career choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38: 424-430 Lent, R.W., Brown, S.D., & Larkin, K.C.(1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achie
