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1、1Water-saving irrigation1. Existing water-saving irrigation methods Irrigation methods, field water distribution method is how to have been sent to the farms, the irrigation water is evenly distributed to the active layer of the crop root. Irrigation water is the means by which to enter the active l
2、ayer of roots, irrigation methods can be divided into surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and underground irrigation. 1.1 surface irrigation Surface irrigation is an ancient traditional irrigation method, in general, it is as compare whether water-saving basis points. Surface
3、irrigation technology are constantly develop and constantly improve, so there are many more water-efficient than traditional surface irrigation technology. 1.1.1 new furrow irrigation tools Traditional furrow irrigation with artificial opening from the distribution channel water into the furrow, it
4、is neither accurate and inconvenient, and often cause the field of water loss due to water port leakage countries have already adopted the siphon (for open channel water ) or gate hole pipe (aqueduct) drainage, China has done a number of tests, proven to improve field water utilization rate of 5% to
5、 10%. 1.1.2 surge irrigation Modern foreign developed wave Chung (groove) border irrigation or intermittent ditch (furrow) irrigation, traffic control into the ditch (furrow) is intermittent water and then put a period of time (a few minutes or tens of minutes) to field stop the water for some time
6、(a few minutes or tens of minutes), and so forth, so that you can make along the ditch (furrow) the length direction of the water distribution is more uniform. Fields of water utilization up to 80% to 90%. Film hole irrigation (also known as the film hole irrigation) Gully, made on the film of water
7、 flow in the membrane, crops grow hole to penetrate the land, so that irrigation efficiency is high, generally water-saving 25% to 35%, an increase of 15% to 20%, they do not specifically facilities.1.2 Irrigation Sprinkler to spray through the air, due to the pressure of the commonly used pressure
8、aqueduct. In general, its obvious advantages irrigation uniformity, less of farmland, save manpower, strong adaptability to the terrain. The main disadvantage is influenced by wind, high investment in equipment. More in our country are the following: fixed pipe sprinkler, the semi-mobile pipeline sp
9、rinkler irrigation, a rolling shift sprinkler manifold, when the needle irrigation machine, a large pan spray irrigation machine, grain irrigation machine in microirrigators units and so on. 1.3 drip irrigation Irrigation water with a small plastic tube directly sent to the the Meike crop roots near
10、 the water drip out slowly by drippers, a sophisticated irrigation methods, only need water to irrigation can truly only irrigation crop Instead of filling the land. And can be a long time in the crop root zone 2moisture in the optimal state, so to save water and increase production. But its biggest
11、 drawback is the Dripper out flow orifice is small, the flow rate is low, so serious congestion problems. Irrigation water must be carefully filtering and processing. At present, China has only noticed to prevent physical clogging equally serious clogging the biological and chemical clogging problem
12、 has not been taken seriously enough. The main way of drip irrigation: fixed-ground drip irrigation, semi-fixed-ground drip irrigation. Membrane under irrigation, drip irrigation and other underground. 1.4micro-sprinkler irrigation Some places called mist irrigation, and drip irrigation similar too
13、easy just to overcome the Dripper disadvantage of clogging the drippers to micro sprinklers, micro-sprinkler flow orifice large, large number of traffic flow rate faster Unlike drippers so easy to plug, but the traffic has increased, capillary accordingly should bold some 1 to 2 micro sprinklers ins
14、talled in every crop or tree usually can meet the needs of irrigation. Micro nozzle still clogged filtration problems, and therefore should be given adequate attention, the cost per hectare is similar to fixed-drip irrigation. Gradually replaced by drip irrigation micro sprinkler irrigation in a for
15、eign country. Especially suitable for irrigated orchards. 1.5 subsurface irrigation Similar to the subsurface irrigation and underground drip, just the Dripper all buried in the underground seepage head instead, the seepage head of water Unlike drippers as drop by drop outflow, but slowly seepage, s
16、uch seepage head is not easy soil particles and root blockage. Recently introduced in a foreign country using waste tires processed into porous percolation pipe, and the pilot of a small area, but the clogging of the micropores seepage pipe is a serious problem, without the test to test for a long time should not be hastily promotion. 1.6underground irrigation The underground irrigation irrigation is a method to control the water table. To irrigation ground
