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1、1九年级英语专题四九年级英语专题四: 动词动词一、复习目标 1. 动词的分类； 2. 动词的时态和语态； 3. 非谓语动词。 二、 复习要点 Error! 三、动词可分为四类：行为动词（实义动词） 、连系动词、情态动词和助动词 1. 行为(实义)动词： 实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分 为：及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词及物动词(vt.)： a) 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。 I learn_English_every day.(English 是 learn 的宾语) b)及物动词可以跟 “双
2、宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。 People give me their money. 人们给我钱。 In England，people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国，人们通常简称我 Jim。 I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。 2)不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.）： 不及物动词：不能直接接宾语，没有被动式的，需加上介词才能接宾语 。 如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件
3、事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词：英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动 词又有 两种不同的情况： a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin 作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆
4、管理员。(began 作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 2. 系动词，亦称连系动词（Linking Verb） ，是用来帮助说明主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独 用作谓语，其后必须跟形容词、名词等作表语，构成系表结构
5、，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常用的连系动词有：be(am, is, are, was were) , look, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, turn 等。 eg: He felt ill yesterday. / My dream is to be a scientist. 3. 情态动词有：can/could, may/might, should, need, must 等。情态动词没有人称 和时态的变化。 注意：a. can 用于一般现在时；could 用于一般过去时。 （能）could 用在一般现在时态 时，只表示 语气。Could you
6、 please take out the trash? b. must 表示说话人主观认为“必须” ；have to 表示客观需要“不得不” 。must 的否定形式有neednt(不必), mustnt(不可以，不准) ，must 表示 猜测时意为“一定” ，否定用 cant(一定不， 不可能)。 c. need 可作情态动词，也可作行为动词。 作情态动词时，通常用在否定句和疑问 句中。 （4）助动词有： be, do/does/did , have/has/had(完成时态中), shall, will 等, 本身没 有词义，它们和其 他行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气，以及帮助完成疑问
7、句和否定句。 22. 动词的时态（写出他们的构成） 一般现在时_ 一般过去时_ 过去将来时_ 现在进行时_ 过去进行时_ 现在完成时_ 过去完成时_ 现在完成进行时_ 3. 动词的被动语态 1 构成：be +done (及物动词的过去分词) 随主语单、复数，人称和时态的变化而变化 一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are +及物动词的过 去分词 一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 2 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词 例：You must learn English well. （主动语态） English must be lea
8、rned well ( by you). （被动语态） 4. 非谓语动词 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式 了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词：done不定式：表示目的和将要做的事；eg: To get good grades, we must study hard. 动词的 ing：表示主动和进行；eg: The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 过去分词：表示被动和完成。eg: Given more
9、time, we could do it better.一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. -I cant stop smoking , doctor. - For your health, Im afraid you _. A. may B. need C. have to D. must ( ) 2. -Have you finished _ the story book? - Yes, I have. A. to read B. reading C. reads D. read ( ) 3. - Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes, our clas
10、sroom _ twice a day.A. is cleaned B. clean C. cleans D. cleaned ( ) 4. _ the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete ( )5. - Do you take exercise every day? - Yes, I always_ thirty minutes after supper. A. pay B. cost C. take D
11、. spend ( ) 6. - What do you think of the 4G mobile phone? -I really like it, but I cant _it. Its too expensive. A. stand B. afford C. spend D. refuse ( ) 7. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope ( ) 8. John, you neednt do your work today, you _ do
12、 it tomorrow if youre tired today. A. must B. may C. cant D. need ( ) 9. Dick isnt here. He _ the park. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone with D. has been away ( ) 10. -Were you at school at this time yesterday? - Yes, I _ basketball with my friends.3A. had played B. have played C. played D.
13、 was playing ( ) 11. -Do you know when Dr. White _for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _when he is free. A. will come, come B. will come ,will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes ( ) 12. Many trees and flowers _in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. were planted ( ) 13. The Smiths _
