《中考英语英语专题复习之动词》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考英语英语专题复习之动词(4页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1九年级英语专题四九年级英语专题四: 动词动词一、复习目标 1. 动词的分类; 2. 动词的时态和语态; 3. 非谓语动词。 二、 复习要点 Error! 三、动词可分为四类:行为动词(实义动词) 、连系动词、情态动词和助动词 1. 行为(实义)动词: 实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分 为:及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词及物动词(vt.): a) 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。 I learn_English_every day.(English 是 learn 的宾语) b)及物动词可以跟 “双
2、宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语),也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。 People give me their money. 人们给我钱。 In England,people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国,人们通常简称我 Jim。 I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。 2)不及物动词(不及物动词(vi.): 不及物动词:不能直接接宾语,没有被动式的,需加上介词才能接宾语 。 如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件
3、事发生于一九三;年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词:英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动 词又有 两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin 作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆
4、管理员。(began 作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 2. 系动词,亦称连系动词(Linking Verb) ,是用来帮助说明主语的动词。它本身有词义,但不能单独 用作谓语,其后必须跟形容词、名词等作表语,构成系表结构
5、,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常用的连系动词有:be(am, is, are, was were) , look, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, turn 等。 eg: He felt ill yesterday. / My dream is to be a scientist. 3. 情态动词有:can/could, may/might, should, need, must 等。情态动词没有人称 和时态的变化。 注意:a. can 用于一般现在时;could 用于一般过去时。 (能)could 用在一般现在时态 时,只表示 语气。Could you
6、 please take out the trash? b. must 表示说话人主观认为“必须” ;have to 表示客观需要“不得不” 。must 的否定形式有neednt(不必), mustnt(不可以,不准) ,must 表示 猜测时意为“一定” ,否定用 cant(一定不, 不可能)。 c. need 可作情态动词,也可作行为动词。 作情态动词时,通常用在否定句和疑问 句中。 (4)助动词有: be, do/does/did , have/has/had(完成时态中), shall, will 等, 本身没 有词义,它们和其 他行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气,以及帮助完成疑问
7、句和否定句。 22. 动词的时态(写出他们的构成) 一般现在时_ 一般过去时_ 过去将来时_ 现在进行时_ 过去进行时_ 现在完成时_ 过去完成时_ 现在完成进行时_ 3. 动词的被动语态 1 构成:be +done (及物动词的过去分词) 随主语单、复数,人称和时态的变化而变化 一般现在时被动语态的构成:am/is/are +及物动词的过 去分词 一般过去时被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词 2 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词 例:You must learn English well. (主动语态) English must be lea
8、rned well ( by you). (被动语态) 4. 非谓语动词 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式 了。非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词:done不定式:表示目的和将要做的事;eg: To get good grades, we must study hard. 动词的 ing:表示主动和进行;eg: The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 过去分词:表示被动和完成。eg: Given more
9、time, we could do it better.一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. -I cant stop smoking , doctor. - For your health, Im afraid you _. A. may B. need C. have to D. must ( ) 2. -Have you finished _ the story book? - Yes, I have. A. to read B. reading C. reads D. read ( ) 3. - Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes, our clas
10、sroom _ twice a day.A. is cleaned B. clean C. cleans D. cleaned ( ) 4. _ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete ( )5. - Do you take exercise every day? - Yes, I always_ thirty minutes after supper. A. pay B. cost C. take D
11、. spend ( ) 6. - What do you think of the 4G mobile phone? -I really like it, but I cant _it. Its too expensive. A. stand B. afford C. spend D. refuse ( ) 7. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope ( ) 8. John, you neednt do your work today, you _ do
12、 it tomorrow if youre tired today. A. must B. may C. cant D. need ( ) 9. Dick isnt here. He _ the park. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone with D. has been away ( ) 10. -Were you at school at this time yesterday? - Yes, I _ basketball with my friends.3A. had played B. have played C. played D.
13、 was playing ( ) 11. -Do you know when Dr. White _for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _when he is free. A. will come, come B. will come ,will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes ( ) 12. Many trees and flowers _in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. were planted ( ) 13. The Smiths _