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1、高中表语从句学习高中表语从句学习一、一、 导入导入热点关注：“表叔”的工资收入正是我们想要知道的。-用英语怎么说？当然要用“表语从句”来说：Uncle Watchs salary is what we want to know.二、表语从句基本概念二、表语从句基本概念在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。 结构结构 “主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，只是增加了 as if/as though。 引导表语从句的词有从属连词 that、whether、as though(if)； 关系代词 who
2、, whom, what, which, whose 等； 关系副词 when, where, why, how, because 等。 可以接表语从句的连系动词由 be, look, remain, seem 等。 注意：1、所有表语从句都要使用陈述语序；2、除了 that、whether、as though(if)之外，其它的关系词（关系供词与关系副词） 都要在表语从句中充当某个句子成份。 3、如果主句是一般现在时，则表语从句时态不受任何影响；如果主句是过去时，则 表语从句的时态要转换成相应的“过去系列”的时态，相关变化规则与宾语从句的规定类 似。 1. The trouble is th
3、at we are short of money. 2. Uncle Watchs salary is what we want to know. 3. Thats why I was late. 4. The problem was who could do the work.三、表语从句具体用法三、表语从句具体用法（一）由从属连词（一）由从属连词 that，whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句that 在引导表语从句时无词义。而 whether 有词义，意为、 “是否” 。这时主句的主语常常是 些抽象名词，如 question，trouble，problem，result，chan
4、ce，suggestion，idea，reason 等。that 一般不能省略。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.她不能理解的是对她的课感兴趣的学生越来越少。 The question is whether we need more ice cream. 问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激淋。即学即练：即学即练： 1、困难是我们没有足
5、够的时间。 The problem is that we dont have enough time. 2、问题是这件事是否值得做。 The problem is whether it is worth doing.（二）由关系代词引导的表语从句（二）由关系代词引导的表语从句关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose 等引导表语从句，这些关系代词在句中作主语、 宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The problem was who could do the work. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to. The questi
6、on is which of us should go. What I want to know is whose pen it is.即学即练：即学即练： 1、问题是谁来做这个工作。 The problem is who could do the work 2、我的麻烦是我该向谁求助。 My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to for help.（三）由关系副词引导的表语从句（三）由关系副词引导的表语从句当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状 语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有 why, when, where, h
7、ow, because 等。 Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. Thats because we were in need of money at that time.即学即练：即学即练： 1、这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。 This is where Lu Xun once lived. 2、
8、他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的。 That was how they won the match. 3、这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因。 This is why she got up so early this morning. 四、表语从句难点四、表语从句难点（一）当主语是（一）当主语是 reason 时的表语从句时的表语从句当主语是 reason 时表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because 引导，表原因；当 reason 成为先 行词时，后面接关系副词 why 引导的定语从句，表结果。比较： The reason why he was late was that he mis
9、sed the train by one minute this morning. 即学即练：即学即练： 在不改变意思的前提下，将下句改为同时有表语从句和定语从句的复合句。 He didnt come to the party because he had a lot of homework to do. The reason why he didnt come to the party was that he had a lot of homework to do.（二）（二）whether 的用法的用法表语从句不用 if，在表达“是否”之意时用 whether。 The question
10、is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday. 问题在于我们能否在明天下午 之前完成这项实验。（三）（三）what 的用法的用法what 在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事） ” ， 它通常等同于“the things that/which, the place that, the person who”结构。 1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be. 3.
11、What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting. 4. That is what he is worried about.即学即练：即学即练： 这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了。 This school is no longer what it was before. （四）表语从句中虚拟语气的使用（四）表语从句中虚拟语气的使用1. as if/as though 之后的表语从句通常表示不真实的情况，多用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词 用 were/did。句中的系动词一般是 seem, look It seems as if
12、it were going to rain. 看上去好象要下雨似的。 (其实不会) He talks as if he knew the girl. 他谈话的样子好象他认识那个女孩似的。 （其实不是） 2. 当主语是 suggestion, advice, order 等表命令、建议等意思的词时，表语从句用虚拟语， 从句中谓语动词用(should) + do sth. My suggestion is that he (should) see the doctor as soon as possible. 我的建议是他应该尽快去 看医生。即学即练：即学即练： 那个留长发的年轻男人看上去象个女孩
13、似的。 The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.五、实战练习五、实战练习（一）语法填空（一）语法填空1. What we are worrying about is _ we have enough money to carry the plan. (whether) 2. To get the job started, _ I need is some money. (what) 3. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (where) 4. The truth was _
14、her hair was turning gray. (that) 5. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats _ I got wet through. (why)（二）选择题（二）选择题1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3. The reason w
15、hy I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 4. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 5. I am sure _ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 6. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that 7. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich 8. The city is no longer _.
