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1、基础语法复习模块（一）五种基本句型基础语法复习模块（一）五种基本句型 一、一、句子成分句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语；次要成分有定语、状语、同位语和插入语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，但在 There be 结构、疑问句和 倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名 词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 During the 1990s,American countrycountry musicmusic has b
2、ecome more and more popular.(名词) WeWe often speak English in class.(代词) One-thirdOne-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) ToTo swimswim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） SmokingSmoking does harm to health.（动名词） TheThe richrich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） WhenWhen wewe areare go
3、inggoing toto havehave anan EnglishEnglish testtest has not been decided.（主语从句） ItIt is necessary toto mastermaster a a foreignforeign languagelanguage.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定 式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。 （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, bocome, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等
4、）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动 名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an AmericanAmerican.（名词） Is it yoursyours?（代词） The weather has turned coldcold.（形容词） The speech is excitingexciting.（分词） Three times seven is twentytwenty oneone.（数词） His job is toto teachteach EnglishEnglish.（不定式） His ho
5、bby（爱好）is playingplaying footballfootball.（动名词） The machine must be outout ofof orderorder.（介词短语） Time is upup. The class is overover.（副词） The truth is thatthat hehe hashas nevernever beenbeen abroadabroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibitionexhibition（展览）yeste
6、rday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented meme from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have fivefive.（数词） They helped thethe oldold with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended notnot toto seesee meme.（不定式短语） I enjoy listeninglistening toto popularpopular musicmusic
7、.（动名词短语） I think (that)(that) hehe isis fitfit forfor hishis officeoffice.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：宾语种类： (1)双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend meme youryour dictionarydictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected himhim theirtheir monitormonitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才 能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词
8、（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。如： His father named him DongmingDongming.（名词） They painted their boat whitewhite.（形容词） Let the fresh air inin.（副词） You mustnt force him toto lendlend hishis moneymoney toto youyou.（不定式短语） We saw her enteringentering thethe roomroom.（现在分词） We found eve
9、rything in the lab inin goodgood orderorder.（介词短语） We will soon make our city whatwhat youryour citycity isis nownow.（从句） （七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautifulbeautiful city.（形容词） China is a developingdeveloping country while America is a developeddeveloped country.（分词） There
10、are thirty womenwomen teachers in our school.（名词） HisHis rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first toto enterenter thethe classroomclassroom.（不定式短语） The teachingteaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article aboutabout howhow tot
11、o learnlearn EnglishEnglish.（介词短语） （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 可由以下形式表示： Light travels mostmost quicklyquickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city forfor tenten yearsyears.（介词短语） He is proud toto havehave passedpassed thethe nationalnational collegecollege entranceentrance examinatio
12、nexamination.（不定式短语） He is in the room makingmaking a a modelmodel planeplane.（分词短语） Wait a a minuteminute.（名词） OnceOnce youyou beginbegin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下状语种类如下： How about meeting again atat sixsix.(时间状语) Last night she didnt go to the dance party becausebecause ofof thethe rainrain
13、.（原因状语） I shall go there ifif itit doesntdoesnt rainrain.（条件状语） Mr. Smith lives onon thethe thirdthird floorfloor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket withwith greatgreat carecare.（方式状语） She came in withwith a a dictionarydictionary inin herher handhand.（伴随状语） InIn orderorder toto catchcatch upu
14、p withwith thethe othersothers, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired thatthat hehe fellfell asleepasleep immediatelyimmediately.（结果状语） She works very hard thoughthough sheshe isis old.old.（让步状语） I am taller thanthan hehe isis.（比较状语） 二、简单句的五种基本句型：二、简单句的五种基本句型：讲前练习讲前练习 1 1： 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词
15、的适当形式。 (1) I _(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has _(turn / become) engineer. (2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It _ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily. (3) What he said _(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable. (4) He feels _(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office. (5) We do morning exercises to _(keep / turn / become) healthy. (6) The apple _(tastes / is tasted) sweet. (7) Please ke
