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1、岩土工程外文词汇岩土工程外文词汇一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 2.foundation engineering 基础工程 3.soil, earth 土 4.soil mechanics 土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量 5.soil dynamics 土动力学 6.stress path 应力路径 7.numerical geotechan
2、ics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位 3.clay minerals 粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物 5.landslides 滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble 卵石 10.gravel 砂石 11.gravelly sand 砾
3、砂 12.coarse sand 粗砂 13.medium sand 中砂 14.fine sand 细砂 15.silty sand 粉土 16.clayey soil 粘性土 17.clay 粘土 18.silty clay 粉质粘土 19.silt 粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土 21.clayey silt 粘质粉土 22.saturated soil 饱和土 23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土
4、27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土 28.zonal soil 区域性土 29.soft clay 软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土 31.peat 泥炭 32.loess 黄土 33.frozen soil 冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc
5、 subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K0 for norm
6、ally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical
7、directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U,
8、Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote e
9、ffective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation 饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度 26.moist unit weight 湿重度 27.saturated unit weight 饱和重度 28.effective unit weight 有效重度 29.density 密度 pactness 密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度 32.optimum water content 最优含水量 33.three phase diagram
10、三相图 34.tri-phase soil 三相土 35.soil fraction 粒组 36.sieve analysis 筛分 37.hydrometer analysis 比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation 级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system 土的统一分类系统 43.
11、ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会 44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcys law 达西定律 2.piping 管涌 3.flowing soil 流土 4.sand boiling 砂沸 5.flow net 流网 6.
12、seepage 渗透（流） 7.leakage 渗流 8.seepage pressure 渗透压力 9.permeability 渗透性 10.seepage force 渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil 软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress 有效应力 4.total stress 总应力 5.field vane shear streng
13、th 十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity 低活性 7.sensitivity 灵敏度 8.triaxial test 三轴试验 9.foundation design 基础设计 10.recompaction 再压缩 11.bearing capacity 承载力 12.soil mass 土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load 集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质 17.isotropic 各向同性 18.stri
14、p footing 条基 19.square spread footing 方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载 22.live load 活载 23.short term transient load 短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load 长期荷载 25.reduced load 折算荷载 26.settlement 沉降 27.deformation 变形 28.casing 套管 29.dike=dyke 堤（防） 30.
15、clay fraction 粘粒粒组 31.physical properties 物理性质 32.subgrade 路基 33.well-graded soil 级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土 35.normal stresses 正应力 36.shear stresses 剪应力 37.principal plane 主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finit
16、e element method 有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数 pression index 压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数 48.geostatic stress 自重应力 49.additional stress 附加应力 50.total stress 总应力 51.final settlement 最终沉降 52.slip line 滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation 开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护 5 bottom
