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1、1 Comparison of vacuum prevention capability of various baby feeding bottles Shahar Seifer, PhD 12 Aug 2013 不同奶瓶防瓶内负压效果对比不同奶瓶防瓶内负压效果对比 （仅翻译梗概）（仅翻译梗概） Shahar Seifer 博士，2013 年 8 月 12 日 Abstract The pressure difference formed in bottles during steady pumping rate was measured over time. Differences wer
2、e found in the ability to reduce vacuum among various brands of baby bottles. 摘要 通过稳定的泵排量来检测瓶内压力的变化，发现不同品牌奶瓶降低瓶内负压的能力有 所不同。 Method 方法 The measurement setup is shown in Fig.1. The pressure sensor is Honeywell Control Systems 26PCBFA6D, which is a differential sensor with one side opened to the air, h
3、as 05 PSI range of best accuracy, 10mV/PSI sensitivity, max overpressure of 20PSI (14.7 PSI is the highest vacuum possible equals to 1 atmosphere). The sensor is amplified with Analog Devices AD626 amplifier at gain of 10, and the output voltage is sampled by Keithley 2700 in DC Volts and the result
4、s are acquired by PC. The pressure difference in the bottle (compared to outside air) with choice of sign positive for vacuum is calculated as: Pressure PSI= (Results Volts 0.18) * 10 测量仪器的设置如下图 1，压力传感器是 Honeywell 26PCBFA6D, 一端向外开口，精度达 05PSI，灵敏度达 10mV/PSI， 最大超压 20PSI（一个大气压相当于 14.7PSI），传感器通 过模拟装置 AD6
5、26 放大器放大增益到 10，输出为直流电压 Keithley 2700，通过电脑获 取数据。瓶内压力差（与外界气压对比）计算公式为： 压力(PSI)=（电压伏0.18）*10 2 Fig. 1. Measurement setup 测试装置图 The pressure sensor is connected with a pipe to a sealed connector placed on a wall of the bottle near its base, after making a hole of 5mm diameter. The connector is made from
6、a ventile of which the inner rubber removed, with two gaskets and washers, closed with a matching nut on the inner side of the bottle (Fig.2). The bottle is filled with tap water at room temperature and the water is pumped out from the edge of the feeding teat using a seal made of a connector used i
7、n an infusion bag and a cylinder of 11mm outside diameter for counter support (Fig.3). The tip of the infusion bag is forced inside the cylinder up to closest contact. The tip is inserted via the main hole in the feeding teat while the rest holes are sealed by the pressed silicon rubber. The bottle
8、was held upside down and the pipe for the pressure sensor was emptied of water before starting measurements. 压力传感器通过管子与密封的连接器联接，在瓶底附近钻个 5mm 左右的洞后放置好连 接器，连接器有两个垫圈和垫片，通过螺母固定在瓶身上，如下图 2，瓶子装上常温的 自来水，然后用输液袋连接器密封和一个外径 11mm 的圆柱来支撑，如下图 3，输液袋 尖头插进圆柱，尖头通过奶嘴的主进气孔插入，其他孔用硅橡胶密封，然后瓶口朝下， 测试前清空压力传感器管子里的水。 The water i
9、s pumped at a fixed flow rate of 240ml per minute using a peristaltic pump of Watson Marlow MNA0687A (sold by RS components PN 4571871) with a suitable Marprene 8mm tube, operated at 5Volts. 用Watson Marlow MNA0687A蠕动泵通过8mm管子以5伏电压和固定流量每分钟240ml 向外泵水。 bot tle PowePressure sensor with amplifier Keithle
10、2700PC Peristaltic pump 3 Fig. 2. Sealed connector for measuring pressure inside the bottle 测量瓶内压力的密封连接器 Fig. 3. Connection of the pumping inlet to the bottle feeding teat 从奶嘴向外泵水连接示意图 The well sealing of the system was tested using a BFree bottle temped in such a way to damage its vacuum release me
11、chanism: the blue head was cut by 5mm from lower edge and intermediate unit removed, so the silicon teat turned to a sealing gasket. It was verified that the pressure difference does not reduce significantly 1minute after truing off the pump. Results 测试结果 4 A time after starting the pump, the pressu
12、re in the bottles exhibits typical oscillations concerned with the periodical behavior of the peristaltic pump and repeated entrance of air bubbles to the bottle from the intended inlets provided by the bottle manufacturer. The average pressure difference during the period of this typical equilibriu
13、m state is written in the table below, to show how deep a vacuum is formed in the bottle during use (at relatively intense suckling rate). At a point of time near the emptying of the water in the bottles the pump was stopped and the drop in pressure difference was monitored as well, the results are
14、shown in the timelines provided in the Supplement. The sensor tube was disconnected and the result of pressure difference always returned to zero as expected. All bottles were tested at similar conditions. In the Bfree bottles water was allowed to enter the inner tube exactly as in real use. In some
15、 bottles air return was not observed despite some construction possibly intended for this aim, so the pressure difference increased to maximum. Several trials were made, at which the bottle was opened and closed at smallest strength possible. The results above 5 PSI are approximate since the measure
16、ment is outside the best accuracy range of the sensor. In some cases the pressure difference decreased very gradually, over a time of 30 seconds, so the initial and final averages (over a period of oscillation) is marked as “xy“. 水泵工作一段时间后，瓶内气压的变化和蠕动泵工作周期以及从各制造商设计的进气 孔进入的气泡量呈现典型的相同振幅，平衡态下的瓶内平均气压记录在以下表格中。 序号 奶瓶品牌和型号 压力差（PSI） 1 Bfree 贝丽 160ml 1.0 , 1.0, 1.1 2 Avent 新安怡 260ml 高, 4.2, 6.5 3
