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1、Symposium on Cracking Translation from English to Chinese Lecturer: Frank Chen Hangzhou New Oriental School 英译汉失分点和解决方法英译汉失分点和解决方法1. 词汇量过小词汇量过小 - 狂背（词法）狂背（词法） 2. 句子看不懂句子看不懂 - 狂做（句法）狂做（句法） 3. 中文功底差中文功底差 - 狂写（篇法）狂写（篇法） 翻译是实践的科学，只能每天练习，别无他法。积累翻译是实践的科学，只能每天练习，别无他法。积累+感觉感觉+技巧技巧 第一篇文章：演说第一篇文章：演说1. conduct
2、 n. 行为行为 courage and conduct 勇气和行为？ 这个娱记被指责违反职业道德。The entertainment reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. 外表精神；“行表示“士气”的一些说法。morale, conduct, spirit. 鼓舞士气 boost / improve / raise morale 保持士气 keep up / maintain morale 军队士气低落 The morale of the troops is sinking lower. 军队士气大振 The martial mora
3、le has been roused greatly. 为” “士气” 小知识：为什么要用 conduct? 押头韵How fortunate we are indeed to live in the most diverse dynamic and beautiful state in the entire union. You know from the South Bronx to the Southern Tier, from Brooklyn to Buffalo, from Montauk to Massena 第一篇文章：演说第一篇文章：演说2. 表示表示“依靠依靠”的说法的说法
4、 depend on; rely on； rest on; lean upon; tie to; cling to. 3. unborn millions 尚未出生的百万尚未出生的百万生灵生灵 量词增词法（amplification） 给量词，加名词 EC 给名词，加量词 CE an elephant a pen a martial music a plane Soon the whole sky is azure and flaming.不久蔚蓝的天空一片火红。I whispered and listened; somewhere, I heard a small whoop. 叫了一声；听
5、了一下；一阵喘息。4. 插入语插入语 under God 苍天之下苍天之下 分句的关系I whispered and listened; somewhere, I heard a small whoop. 全句的关系He thinks she is an idiot. He, thinks she, is an idiot. 5. cruel and unrelenting 合词译法合词译法 技巧：同意形容词重叠成语译法成语译法 技巧：去意 或者 强调 练习(1) fair and square 公平公正（成语）(2) hard and fast 严厉的（去意）(3) dead and gon
6、e 的确死了（强调）(4) forgive and forget 宽宏大量（成语）(5) silly and foolish 愚蠢至极（强调）(6) wise and clever 聪明绝顶（成语）(7) shake and tremble 战战兢兢，瑟瑟抖抖（成语）(8) culture and learning 学识渊博（成语）(9) ache and pain 百般疼痛（强调）(10) cozy and comfortable 温馨舒适（成语）(11) really and truly 真真切切（成语）(12) hustle and bustle 车水马龙，熙熙攘攘，摩肩接踵（成语）6.
7、 leave us the only choice of 别别无无选择选择 正反译法(一面说不通的时候，是不是考虑另一面？) 第一组：日常说法frost-free refrigerator Wet paint! He yelled “Freeze!” 第二组：否定含义This puzzle is beyond my ability. I failed to understand your meaning. It escapes your choice that she is growing fat. Her husband hates to see her stony face. 第三组：灵活
8、处理Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 正义：躲着；反义：不见。 Because our lives are confined by my modest salary, keeping soul and body together is our top priority. 由于我的工资不高，我们的日子过得处处受到限制，头等大事则是维持生计。 第四组：常见句式The coffee is too sweet to bear. 咖啡太甜，难以下咽。We could not be more mistaken. 我们大错特错了。In no
9、 time at all, they cooled down. 他们立即镇定下来 练习 1：Western society (about 1.2 billion people) cannot bring the remaining 5.1 billion people in less developed countries up to the western consumptive “standard of living” without exhausting the earths resources. 参考译文： 正说：西方社会约有十二亿人口。要让欠发达国家的 51 亿人口都达到西方消耗性
10、的“生产标准” ，必然会把地球的资源消耗殆尽。 反说：西方社会约有十二亿人口。要让欠发达国家的 51 亿人口都达到西方消耗性 的“生产标准” ，不可能不把地球的资源消耗殆尽。 练习 2：The significance of these incidents wasnt lost upon the judges. 正说：这件事情引起了法官们的注意。 反说：这件事情没有逃离法官们的法眼。 练习 3：I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end. 我遵从所有我学过的礼貌和规矩，这
11、使我儿子大为失望。7. brave resistance or the most abject submission 要不顽强抵抗，要不屈膝投降resistance n.v. submission n.v. 转化（shift of perspective 为什么会有转化： 写作：名词 动名词 动词 口语：动词 动名词 名词I suddenly realized that the world is changing dramatically. I suddenly hit the realization that the world is under a dramatic change 例句：P
12、atriotism, to me, is the love of my country and the right to change things that I dont like by voting.在我看来，爱国主义就是热爱我的国家，就是有权采用选举的方式改变那些我不喜 欢的事情。The streets are marked by an absence of color. (appearance) The absence of Tom annoyed the professor. Budget cuts may cause closure of the school. We are en
13、emies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. （尤其反对） 备注：It is above comprehension 中文：要么中文：要么要么要么； 英文：英文：leave sb. the choice of A or B。 例句 1：Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. 敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。 例句 2： 年过三十，要么结婚，要么单身。
14、The age of thirty leaves us the choice of marriage or remaining bachelor. 第一段参考译文： 苍天之下，千百万尚未出生的人的命运将取决于我们这支军队的勇气和斗志。敌人 残酷无情，我们别无选择，要么奋起抵抗，要么屈膝投降。因此，我们必须下定决 心，若不克敌制胜，就是捐躯疆场。 注意文学性！8. our own, our countrys honor. 重复译法 我们和祖国的荣誉（？） 我们的荣誉，祖国的荣誉9. vigorous and manly 英勇顽强，大无畏，置死地而后生10. exertion = effort 转
15、化 名动 (shift of perspective) 奋斗11. shamefully fail 可耻地失利？ 褒贬译法：词语的选择必须与文中的色彩一致。He is respected by his people for his foresightedness. 他由于富于远见而受到人民的尊重。She is quite unpopular among her colleagues for she is so egotistic. 她在同事中间非常吃不开（人缘很差） ，因为她太自私自利。 比较以下几组句子Many people think he is one of most ambitious politician of our times. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 野心勃勃；雄心勃勃The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice. The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. 倔强顽强
