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1、Chapter I：General Survey of English VocabularyI. 基本内容基本内容 / Major Content: Origin, development and classification of the English vocabulary1. Introductory questions:a. What language(s) is / are the origin of the English language?- Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes from the Europ
2、ean Continent.b. What are the periods of the development of the English language?- Three periods: Old English (450-1100); Middle English (1100-1500); Modern English (1500-now).c. What is the difference between a word and vocabulary?- A word is an individual item of the collective group of the vocabu
3、lary.d. How do you classify the following words (award to the quickest and correct 1 signature = a mark of 95 to be averaged with all other marks for the final term mark):no, me, good, air, action, eat, the, badly, her, to, may, sing, and, of, or, really, how, hi, cold, internet, five- They may be c
4、lassified according to different criteria, e.g., part of speech, style, frequency of use, origin, function, etc.2. Basic terms:1) Word: p.22) Vocabulary: p.33) Native words and loan words: p.9Compare：Loan words in the English and Chinese languages:(1) Loan words in English borrowed from the Chinese
5、language:Question: What English words do you know that were borrowed from Chinese?- Confucianism, Taoism, tea, china, typhoon, kung fu, tofu, mahjong, won ton 馄饨, sampan 舢板(2) Loan words in the Chinese language:Question 1: What is the approximate number of loan words in Chinese?- More than 10,000 (m
6、uch less than that of foreign words in English):They consist of two main types: Perfect loan words (sound translation): 全外来词 (more than 6000) Half loan words (combination of sound and meaning): 半外来词 (about 4000). e.g.Perfect loan words: 扑克(English: poker), 咖啡 (English: coffee); 米 (French: metre); 海洛
7、 因 (German: Heroin); 罗汉 (Sanskrit: arhat); 唢呐 (Persian: surna).Half loan words: 啤酒 (English: beer), 卡车 (English: car), 酒吧 (English: bar), 潘多拉盒 子 (English: Pandoras box); 芭蕾舞 (French: ballet); 沙皇 (Russian: tsar).Question 2: Which of the following Chinese words were borrowed from other languages? (mar
8、k to be awarded to the quickest and correct)语言，人，特洛伊木马，扎啤，意义，国家，沙龙，玻璃，布尔什维克，成就，塔，桌 子，胡 同，审美，雪茄，坦克，克隆，房子，吃饭，抛光，生产，企业，人气English: 特洛伊木马，扎啤 (draught beer/beer on draught 生啤/散装啤酒)，雪茄，坦克， 克隆，抛光French: 沙龙Russian: 布尔什维克 (Bolshevik)Japanese: 审美 shinbi，生产 sesangsilu，企业 kigiyo，人气Mongolian: 胡同Sanskrit: 玻璃，塔4) T
9、he basic word stock of English: p.105) Slang (words): p.146) Function words and content words: p.173. Other points:1) Formation of the English vocabulary: p.52) Reasons for neologisms 新词 / 旧词新义: p.63) Fundamental features of the basic word stock: p.10Assignment 1: 1) Do the following four words have
10、 the same meaning? Give reasons for your answer (to be reported next time):The words: spaceman, astronaut, cosmonaut, taikonaut 2) What is appropriate English for “折腾” said by President Hu Jintao? Give reasons for your translation.(to be reported next time)Discussion of Assignment 1:1) Do the follow
11、ing four words have the same meaning? Give reasons for your answer.The words: spaceman, astronaut, cosmonaut, taikonaut- All refer to a human that travels to or in space by a spaceship or space shuttle;Spaceman: General term; astronaut, cosmonaut and taikonaut tend to be used to refer to American, R
12、ussian and Chinese spaceman respectively. 2) What is appropriate English for “折腾” said by President Hu Jintao? Give reasons for your translation.- to engage oneself in useless or self-destructive actions/movementsII. 重点重点 / Key Points: Classification of English words according to different criteria:
13、 pp.9- 18 1. Points in the textbook:1) By origin: Native words and loan words: Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words, while those borrow from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.2) By level of usage: (1) Common words: Words connected with the ordinary things or
14、activities necessary to everyday life. (2) Literary words: Words including archaic words and poetical words (thou-you; thy-your(s)(used before a word beginning with a consonant); thine-your(s) (used before a word beginning with a vowel). (3) Colloquial words; (4) Slang words: Example of English slan
15、g words: (mark to be awarded to the quickest and correct)bad egg cabbage head dick坏蛋 笨蛋 警察every Jack fancy piece go places每个人 情妇 旅行idiot box long vac Mr. Right电视机 暑假 中意的男人nigger pass it rats! 黑鬼 太老了 瞎说！hear oneself think吵得什么都听不见了2. Other ways to classify English words:1) According to part of speech:
16、 Nouns, verbs, adjective, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, numerals, interjections.2) According to style:Rigid, formal, usual, informal, casual, intimate (words), e.g.interrogate (formal), question (usual), ask (informal);respectfully (formal), sincerely (usual), yours (informal), love (intimate)
