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1、第一单元 1. The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early 1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe. A consistent theme of Chinas foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trad
2、e relations with the Third World countries. 20 世纪 60 年代初期，苏联撤回了对中国的经济和技术的支持，这使得中国的 对外贸易从苏联和它的经济互助委员会成员国转向了日本和西欧国家。中国对 外经济贸易政策的一贯宗旨已经转移到发展与第三世界的贸易关系上。 2. A commodity breakdown of Chinas trade shows that fuels accounted for 24 percent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 percent, textile fib
3、res and mineral ores for 7 percent and manufactured goods(the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment) for 55 percent. 中国的贸易商品分类表明，1982 年燃料占总出口的 24%，食品占 13%，纺织纤 维和矿砂占 7%，制造品占 55%（最重要的产品是纺织品化工产品机械及运输 设备） 。 3. A wide variety of industrial goods are now ex
4、ported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications. 目前，中国出口各种各样的工业产品，一些发展中国家用中国的资本设备来建 设项目，这些项目的领域包括农业林业轻工业食品加工业水利工程和
5、通信行业 等。 4. The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 percent per annum between 1978 and 1983,while imports increased by approximately 11 percent per annum. 在 1978 年到 1983 年期间，以美元计价的中国出口商品的价值平均每年增长 18%， 同时进口大约每年增长 11%。 5. Official recognition that foreign techno
6、logy could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 percent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. 政府意识到国外的技术对现代中国经济起到至关重要的作用，这使得进口额在 1978 上升 50%，取代了对国民经济造成的巨大压力。 （在过去的纪念里，粮 食进口迅速下降。1984 年，中国已经成为了粮食出口国。在 1983 年，我国开 始出口大豆和棉花。 ） 6.
7、Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. 中国政府意识到引进先进技术对国内工业具有重要的意义，但是中国所需要的 是各种层次的技术，而不是西方所理解的那
8、种先进技术。 7. Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US $2.5billion at end-1980 to US$17 billion (sufficient for approximately eight months imports) by October 1984.Approximately US$12 billion of the countrys reserves are held by the central bank, the Peoples Bank of China, whil
9、e the balance is controlled by the Bank of China which specializes in foreign exchange business. 外汇储备从 1980 年底的大约 25 亿美元迅速增长到 1984 年 10 月的 170 亿美元 （足以用于大约 8 个月的进口额） 。大约 120 亿的外汇储备由中央银行和中国人 民银行所掌控，其余的由专营外汇业务的中国银行所控制。 8. China has shown a much more flexible approach to foreign trade over the past few
10、years and has adopted a series of measures designed to strengthen international economic co-operaton. 在过去的几年里，中国的对外贸易表现出非常灵活的方式，并采取了一系列旨 在加强国际经济合作的措施。 （鼓励外国在中国举办商品展览，中国自己也参 加了一系列在国外举办的商品展览交易会） 。 9. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced Chinas determination to
11、 introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. 中国从外国贷款仍将保持谨慎态度，至少暂时是这样，许多发展中国家所面对 的债务问题更加坚定了中国政府的决心，即通过直接投资和一些优惠的融资， 而不是通过国际资本市场筹集大额资金来引进外资。有多补充内容的：10. A series of policies d
12、esigned to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these trade reforms. 一系列旨在鼓励外国投资的政策伴随着这些贸易改革应运而生。 11. China has borrowed almost US 2 billion from the World Bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed. 中国已经从世界银行和它的附属机构贷款了大约 20 亿美元，但是这些贷款的大 部
13、分仍然没有支付。 10. A serise of polices designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these trade reforms.A law adopted in 1979 defines the principles governing the rights and interests of participants in joint ventures. The China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC), establis
14、hed in 1979, co-ordinates incoming foreign investment, promotes joint ventures by assisting Chinese and foreign enterprises to find suitable business partners and also has responsibility for negotiating contracts relating to 100 per cent foreign-owned enterprises. When negotiations are complete and
15、a joint venture contract has been agreed, it is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade for final approval. 伴随着这些贸易改革，中国政府制定了旨在鼓励外国投资的一系列政策。1979 年采用的一项法律界定了指导合资企业参与者的权利及利益的准则。建立于 1979 年的中国国际信托投资公司协调外来投资，通过帮助中外企业找到合适的 商业伙伴推进合资企业的发展，并负责与独资企业通过谈判签订合同。当谈判 结束，统一签订合资企业合同时，该合同要提交到
16、对外经济贸易部最后审批。 11. China has borrowed almost US $ 2 billion from the World Bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed. Figures compiled by the OECD and the Bank for International Settlements show borrowings from western commercial banks of approximately US $ 2 billion, but also show that the bulk of Chinas foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade related credits which exceed US $ 4 billion.
