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1、（专题十五共 10 页）1专题十五：句子的种类和各种从句专题十五：句子的种类和各种从句句子分类句子分类按句子的用途可以分为四种按句子的用途可以分为四种：1.陈述句（肯定、否定）He is six years old. 2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反义）Do they like skating? 3.祈使句 Be careful, boys. Dont speak in class. 4.感叹句 How clever the boy is! 按句子结构可分为按句子结构可分为 3 3 种：简单句、并列句、复合句种：简单句、并列句、复合句1. 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓
2、语）e.g. He often reads English in the morning. 我们可以给句子的动词加上副 词修饰，给名词加上形容词或介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语等修饰，以使整个 句子更加丰富和充实，但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。 He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句子中做状语，修饰 worked) He is a school student in NO.1 middle school. (划线部分在句子中做定语， 修饰名词 student) 简单句的五个基本句型：主语+不及物动词 Water flows. 主语+谓语动词+宾语 She l
3、ikes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语 She is happy. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Ill tell her the news. 主语+ 动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. 2、并列句：由两个或以上的简单句连接而成，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并 列的关系。 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句的分类：表示连接两个同等概念的连词有and，not onlybut also, neithernor,then 表示选择常用的连词有 or, eitheror. ,otherwise 表示转折 but，yet，while， 表示因果
4、so，for 3、复合句：含有两个或以上主谓结构的句子，其中一个句子是主句，另一个句子 是从句。句型：主句+连词+从句；从句+连词+主句The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Grea t Wall. （专题十五共 10 页）2从句分类：形容词性从句（主、宾、表、同位） ，名词性从句（定从） ，副词性从 句（状从）从句类型从句类型名词从句名词从句概览- 连接词 宾语从句主语 从句动宾介宾表语 从句同位语从句连接词 that不能省可省禁用 除 except that不能省不能省连接词 Whether/if
5、句首 whetherwhether or if只能 whether只能 whether只能 whether代词what-物,who/whom/whose-人,which-物副词when-时间,where-地点,why-原因,how-方式注意：所有句子均为陈述语序断句方法1.含有关系词的：始关系词末第二个谓语动词之前2.不含关系词的：始（句中）主谓结构末第二个谓语动词之前That I will pass CICPA is certain.（主语从句）They doubt whether I can pass CICPA.（宾语从句）The question is how I prepare fo
6、r CICPA.（表语从句）The textbook which I use to prepare for CICPA is very useful. （同位语从句） 具体讲解 1、名词性 that-从句由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在 从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、 同位语和形容词宾语。 ”介词宾语 No”主语：That he is still alive is pure luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he would be leav
7、ing for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦 敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也 没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。特例：except, but, bes
8、ides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with Dell. 2、名词性 wh-从句（1）由 wh-词引导的名词从句。Wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, （专题十五共 10 页）3which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了 和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：主语：Ho
9、w the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该 基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to
10、. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名 字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的 邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 （2）Wh-从句作主语 也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末。例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。It 形式主语的
11、形式主语的“四种句型四种句型”（1）It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识 （2）It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是 （3）It 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎 （4）It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已
12、证实It is said that 据说It 形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法在主+谓+it（形式宾语）+宾补+that 从句（真正宾语） 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. whether 与 if 区别whether 与 if 均为“是否”yes-no 的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 取代：（1）在主语、表语和同位语从句中，只用 whether Whether he can win the game is not clear.（2）作介词宾语，只用 whether He is intere
13、st in whether they can attend the club.（3）在不定式前，只用 whether Whether to go is not clear.（4）从句后有“or not”选择性疑问句， “是或者不是”，只用 whetherI dont care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划（5）If 不能位于句首Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。that/why/because 在表语从句中得用法（专题十五共 10 页）
14、4不要使用 The reason is because that 句型,应使用 The reason why is that （why 和 because 不能连用）或 This / it /that is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a
15、lot of traffic on the road.或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.否定转移否定转移1）将 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中， 即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：I hope you werent ill. 我
16、想你没有生病吧。2）将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。名词性从句-小节具体讲解名词性 that-从句名词性 wh-从句 It 形式主语的“四种句型”It 形式宾语的用法 whether 与 if 区别 that/why/because 在表语从句中得用法否定转移定语从句定语从句定义：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先 行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。主句+先行词+关系词+从句 主谓一致断句方法（与名词性从句一致）1.含有关系词的：始关系词 末第二个谓语动词之前I still remember the day when I first met him.2.不含关系词的：始（句中）主谓结构 末
