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1、新概念四词条语句汇总新概念四词条语句汇总We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East,我们对 5，000 年前近东发生的事情还能略知一二，where people first learned to write.因为那里的人们首先懂得用文字记载。But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.但是在世界上一些地方，甚至现在人们还不会书写。The only way that they can preserve
2、their history is to recount it as sagas-他们保存自己历史的唯一方法就是采用讲故事的办法：legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. 由讲故事者把类似英雄故事的民间传说一代代传下去。These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,这些传说是很有用的，因为它们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况。but none
3、could write down what they did.但是，没有人能把他们所做的事情用文字记载下来。Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 人类学家不知道现在住在太平洋群岛上的波利尼西亚人的远祖来自何方。The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years a
4、go.民间传说中提到这些人，说其中有些人约在 2，000 年前来自印度尼西亚。But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, 但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太远了，if they had any,are forgotten.因此，有关他们的传说即使有如今也失传了。So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first modern men c
5、ame from. 因此考古学家既无史实可据，又无民间传说可依，无法搞清最早的“现代人”来自何处。Fortunately,however,ancient men made tools of stone,especially flint, 然而，幸亏古代人制造了石头工具，尤其是燧石，because this is easier to shape than other kinds.因燧石较其他几种东西更易制作。They may also have used wood and skins,but these have rotted away.古代人可能使用国树木和兽皮，但这些东西早已腐烂了。Ston
6、e does not decay,石头不会腐烂，and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.因此从前的工具一直保留下来，而制造工具的人连他们的遗骨都已荡然无存了。Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?你可能感到惊讶，为什么蜘蛛应该是我们的朋友呢？Because they destroy so many insects,这是因为蜘蛛消灭那么多的昆
7、虫，and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. 而昆虫中有的是人类最大的敌人。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;要不是我们从食虫动物那里得到保护，这些昆虫会使我们无法在这个世界上生活下去，they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-e
8、ating animals.它们会吞食我们所有的谷物，杀死我们成群的牛羊。We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.我们得大大感谢那些食虫的飞禽走兽，但它们全部加在一起所杀死的昆虫数只及蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分，Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,而且蜘蛛不像其他一些食虫者，spiders never do
9、the least harm to us or our belongings. 决不会对我们或我们的财物造成丝毫伤害。Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them. 与很多人认为的相反，蜘蛛不是昆虫，甚至也不是昆虫的近亲。One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six. 人们几乎一眼就可看出这种差别，因为蜘
10、蛛总是有 8 条腿，而昆虫从未超出 6 条腿。How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf? 有多少蜘蛛未我们的利益从事这项工作呢？One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,一位蜘蛛专家在英格兰南方的草原上对蜘蛛作了一番普查，and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, 他估计每一英亩有 2，250
11、，000 以上只蜘蛛，that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. 也就是在一个足球场的方圆内，不同种类的蜘蛛大约有 6，000，000 只。Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. 蜘蛛至少有半年时间忙于杀虫。It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,蜘蛛究竟杀死多少昆虫，也只能瞎猜，b
12、ut they are hungry creatures,not content with only three meals a day.但蜘蛛是吃不饱的生物，不满足于一日只吃三餐这一点是肯定的。It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.据估计，在英国一年内被蜘蛛消灭的昆虫，其重量可
13、能大于所有英国人的总重量。Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, 现代的登山者总想找一条会给他们带来运动乐趣的登山途径，and the more difficult it is,the more highly it is regarded.于是，途径越艰险越受人重视。In the pioneering days,however,this was not the case at all.可是在开创登山运动的日子里，情况并非如此。The early climbers we
14、re looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought,早期登山者常常寻找一条最容易到达山顶的途径，因为顶峰，especially if it had never been attained before.尤其是前人未曾到达过的顶峰，才是他们寻求的目标。It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, 的
15、确，他们在探险时面临的种种艰难险阻，危机四伏，equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, 他们的装备也会使现代登山者一想倒这点就会不寒而栗，but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 可是他们并不是故意地要追求这种刺激。They had a single aim,a solitary goal-the top! 他们有一个目的，一个唯一的目标登上顶峰！It is hard for us to real
16、ize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 现在我们很难想象登山运动先驱者当时有多大的困难。Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix,which had rapidly become popular,除了一二个地方，如已成为旅游胜地的 Zermatt 和 Chamonix，Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. 阿尔卑斯山脉的村庄由于高山峻岭的阻挡而与文明世界隔绝，所以很容易成为贫困的居民区。Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden;那儿的小客栈总是肮脏不堪，跳蚤滋生；the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve mont
