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1、北京工商大学 专升本 会计学专业 大学英语 2 电子版复习课件 整理:王和平 QQ 359076395 如果有发现错误或补充请联系我.谢谢大家 所有资料 http:/ 都可以下 载UNIT 3 TEXT 杰斐逊的遗训布鲁斯.布利文 也许美国第三任总统托马斯. 杰斐逊不如乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大 部分人至少能记住一件有关他的事实，即他写了独立宣言 。尽管杰斐逊生活的时代距今已经二百多年了，但我们今天仍能从他那里学到很多东西。 他的很多思想对今天的青年一代尤其具有吸引力。以下是他曾说过和写过的言论：亲自观察。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人不仅能从书本上获得知识，还能从很多其他源 泉获得
2、知识，并且，个人亲自进行调查非常重要。在他年青的时候，他被任命为一个委员 会的成员，负责调查詹姆斯河南端支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只，在其它委员会成员 坐在州议会大厦研究有关文献的时候，杰斐逊却乘上一只独木舟到现场实地观测去了。您能从每个人身上学到知识。论出身及所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于社会的最高阶层。 那个时代，出身高贵的人除了向穷人发号施令外，很少与其说话。然而杰斐逊却想方设法 找园艺工人，佣人及仆人交谈。杰斐逊有一次跟法国贵族拉斐特说：“您应象我那样到老 百姓家里去，看看他们的锅里有什么，亲口尝一尝他们吃的面包。只要你这样做了，你就 会明白老百姓为什么不满意，并且理解那声威协法国的革命。
3、 ”自己作出判断。杰斐逊绝不在未经认真思考的情况下授受别人的意见。 “不能因为别人 曾经或者相信过某件事情，你就去拒绝或者相信此事” ，他在给侄儿的信中写道， “上帝赐 给你一个判别正误的大脑，您应该利用它。 ”杰斐逊感到人民“是完全可以信赖的，任何事情-无论真假都应该让他们听到。让他们 作出正确判断。如果由我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸还是应该有报纸而不 要政府，我将毫不犹豫地选择后者。 ”做你认为对的事情。自由国家里总是会存在对立的思想，这就是力量的源泉。正是这 种对立，而不是绝对的统一才使得自由得以存在。尽管杰斐逊很多年来一直是被猛烈抨击 的对象，他却从未予以反击。他在给一位朋
4、友的信中这样解释他的哲学思想：“任何问题 都有两个方面。如果你选择了一面并卓有成效地干下去，那么，选择另一方面的那些人当 然会怨恨你的举动。 ”相信未来，相信青年。杰斐逊觉得，当今之事不应被那些毫无用处的旧习惯束缚住。 “没有一种社会， ”他说， “能创造出一种永恒的宪法，甚至是一项永恒的法律。这个地球 属于活着的一代。 ”他不怕新思想，也不怕未来。 “多少痛苦， ”他评论道， “是由于并未发 生的不幸带来的呀。我期待着最好的事物，而不是最坏的事情。我带着希望引航扬帆，把 恐惧抛在身后。 ”杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是基于知识之上的。也许他的学问在他那个时代无人可以比拟。 他是农学，建筑学和医学方
5、面的专家。他在庄稼轮作和土壤保持被人们广泛认可前一世纪 就已实行该技术了。他发明的一种耕犁比现存的任何一种都好。他影响了整个的美国的建 筑业，并且，他还不断地制造出各种器械装置，使得日常生活里的许多工作变得更加容易 操作。杰斐逊的诸种才能中，有一种是最突出的，那就是，他首先是一位优秀的，不知疲倦的 作家。目前正在首次出版的他的作品全集将超过五十集。他的写作天才很早就被人发现。 当 1776 年在费城撰写独立宣言的时刻到来之时，执笔的任务便落在了他肩上。千百万 人激动地读着以下豪言：“我们认为这是不言而喻的真理，即人生来平等” 。1826 年 7 月 4 日，即美国独立 50 周年纪念日，杰斐逊
6、与世长辞了。他为国人留下了丰 富的思想遗产及行为典范。美国的教育从托马斯. 杰斐逊那里得益甚多。在他看来，只有北京工商大学 专升本 会计学专业 大学英语 2 电子版复习课件 整理:王和平 QQ 359076395 如果有发现错误或补充请联系我.谢谢大家 所有资料 http:/ 都可以下 载国民受过教育的国家才能永远自由。Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest to us.Lessons from Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, the third Preside
7、nt of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about his: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas
8、are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find ou
9、t whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. You can learn from everyone. By birth and by edu
10、cation Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go
11、into the peoples homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.“ Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other peoples opinions without ca
12、reful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything, “he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it. “ Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false ,and to form
13、 a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.“ Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a sou
14、rce of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one sid
15、e with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.“ Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,“ he said, “can make a perpetual constitut
16、ion, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.“ He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. “How much pain,“ he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened!“ I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind. Jeffersons courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more that any other man of his age. He
