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1、 世纪金榜 圆您梦想 www.jb1000.co m本卷第 1 页（共 6 页）_ _山东世纪金榜书业有限公司2010 高三英语名师详析：虚拟语气高三英语名师详析：虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。 只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条 件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种：1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用(1) if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟 语气的时
2、态形式有三种：表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be 一般用 were)”，主句的谓语动词 用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth?If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would,
3、could, might)+have+过去分词”。【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should 和 were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。含蓄虚拟条件句有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的 条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如：通过 with, without, but for 和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件Shed look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorterWithout your help, we could not have compl
4、eted the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your helpBut for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snowShe would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the newsIt would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way句中含有 or, or else, o
5、therwise, but 等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。I should have attended my friends wedding ceremony, but I couldnt afford the time。2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用在主
6、语从句中， 在下面的几种情况下，谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”It is+形容词+that句型。常见的形容词有 important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, 世纪金榜 圆您梦想 www.jb1000.co m本卷第 2 页（共 6 页）_ _山东世纪金榜书业有限公司astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。 It is +名词+that句型。常见的名词有 pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire,
7、order 等。 It is+动词的过去分词+ that句型。常见的动词有 advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require 等。在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should 可省略。例如：It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer in modern times。It is necessary that these useful expressions (should) be learnt by he
8、art。It is a shame that children (should) be forced to beg in the streets in the capital city。Its suggested that the school (should) organize an outing when spring comes。It is required that middle-schools students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day。在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，shou
9、ld 可省略。这类动词有： insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)， require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议) , recommend(建议， 推荐) 等。The captain insisted that the wounded soldier (should) be sent to hospital at once。The policeman demanded the thief (should) tell his name a
10、nd address。Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should) be present at their babys birth。If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua University last year。【记忆小窍门】一个“坚持”和”催促”、二个“命令”， 三个“要求”， 四个“建议”。在含有 advice, order, demand, proposal(提议
11、) requirement, suggestion 等名词的表语从句、同位语从句 中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略。The governor gave order that the flood (should) be controlled before dark。My suggestion is that the project (should) be completed by the end of the year。在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感情 色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。I
12、 am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。在 wish 后的宾语从句中表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小，wish 后的宾语从句的谓语动词用 should/woul
13、d/could/ might+ 动词原形。世纪金榜 圆您梦想 www.jb1000.co m本卷第 3 页（共 6 页）_ _山东世纪金榜书业有限公司We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever。表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)。He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。How he w
14、ished he hadnt wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school.在 would rather/would prefer 后的宾语从句中在 would rather/would prefer 后的宾语从句中，常用过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过 去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。在 would rather/would prefer 从句中Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isnt available
15、today。I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful。Could I smoke here?Id prefer it if you didnt smoke in front of the children。3. 在 as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反， 谓语动词用过去式;表示即将 发生的情况“用情态动词+动词原形”;表示某种的情况有过去的事实相反， 谓语动词用过去完成时。The coach always treats the players as if they were his own children.She was suffering from a bad cold. Her head felt as if it would burst。Gary was behaving as though nothing had happened。4.在 in case, in order th
