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1、英语复习语法保定职业技术学院欢迎你 http：/一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相当于 every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于 the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与 某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, cou
2、ld I speak to Mr. Smi th?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活 雷锋）6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a ti me, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8用于 so(as
3、, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体 化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带 来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需 必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方 面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicyc le is still _ popular means of transpor
4、tation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the ; the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacifi c Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到 过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比 上文的不定冠词用法 5）Could you tell me the way
5、 to _ _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johns on here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最 高级前He is the taller of the two childr en.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山 川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist P arty of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented
6、in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的 某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词 ，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, lov e, air2名词前有 this, my, whose, som e, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not tha
7、t one. / Wh ose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一 日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of Americ a.5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词 前We went right round to the west coas t by _ sea instead of driving a cross _ continent.A. the;
8、the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填7以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并 用时husband and wife, knife and fork, da y and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词国名地名人名，团 体机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质花儿个体名词She held some flowers in h er hand.The trees are now in
9、 flowe r开花抽象名词青春抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty年轻人个体名词成功抽象名词They have achieved remarka ble success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a succ ess.成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质铁物质名词Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.熨斗个体名词玻璃物质名词He br
10、oke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃杯个体名词小鸡个体名词I bought a chicken this mo rningPlease help yourself to so me chicken鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象 名词加用与某些动词Id like_information about the managemen t of your hotel,please.（如：have 等）连用，表示某一次短暂 的动作Well, you could have_word with the manager. H e might be
11、 helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/
12、make an e arly start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain( 发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽 象名词转换为普通名 词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowled
13、ge of China(提供关于中国更为 翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)If there were no examination, we should have_ _at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money.A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词转换为普通 名词可用来表示“一 次、一阵、一种”具 体的行为、事件、现 象或结果。这时名词前往
14、往 有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpri seShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D. in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unple
15、asant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to hav e a look at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.s o an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则例 词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形 式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goo se-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sh
16、eep, deer, series, means, works, f ish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, go ods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整 体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, coup le, group, committee, government, po pulation, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times( 时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), s ands(沙
