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1、现在完成时,现在完成时描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事或状态,或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况,换言之,现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情,现在完成时的形式,01现在完成时的肯定句主语(I We You,第三人称复数)+have+过去分词主语(第三人称单数)+has+动词的过去分词例:I have already finished the housework. 我已经做完家务了.例:I have been busy all the day. 我今天一天都很忙.,例:My father has read todays newspaper. 我爸爸已经看了今天的报纸了.例:Ma
2、ry has just finished the homework which her teacher ordered.玛丽刚刚完成老师布置的作业.,02现在完成时的否定句,主语+have/has+not+过去分词例:The concert hasnt /has not started yet. 音乐会还没有开始.例:They havent/have not gotten to London yet.他们还没有到达伦敦.例:I havent graduated from the university yet. 我还没有完成我的大学学业呢.,03现在完成时的一般疑问句,Have/Has +主语+
3、过去分词例:A:Has the concert started ? 音乐会开始了没? B:Yes,it has.是的开始了. B:No, it hasnt 不,还没有开始.,例:A:Have you finished your homework? 你做完功课了没有? B:Yes, I have.是的我做完了. B:No, I havent 不,我没做完.,04现在完成时的特殊疑问句,现在完成时的特殊疑问句分为两种情况,以下将分别进行介绍:1 疑问词做主语时句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+例:A:Who has /have bought these apples? 谁买了这些苹
4、果? B:Rose/Roses friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的.,2.疑问词做主语以外的成份时.句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+A: How long have you lived here?B: Ive lived here for nearly 6 years.A: How many times have you been to Spain.B: I have been to Spain five times.,现在完成时的用法,1.概述:,表示 “继续”的现在完成时Toms grandfather has worked h
5、ere for nearly 30 years.He has been sick since last week.Miss Chen has waited for him for the whole day,表示 “经验”的现在完成时I have visited London twice.Have you ever been to Hawaii ?表示 “完成”的现在完成时Susan has just finished her homework.Has he finished his work yet?I have already done the housework completely.,
6、表示 “结果”的现在完成时My brother has become a lawyerI have lost my dictionaryI have bought a new dictionary.,现在完成时四种用法的时间状语.继续: since ,for ,how long?, all 经验: often , ever , never , before , once , times 等.完成: already , just , yet 等.结果: 不需要时间状语.,2 表示继续的现在完成时肯定句: Li Mings elder brother has studied in Peking U
7、niversity for five years.否定句: We havent seen each other all this month.疑问句:A: How long have you known your boy friend?B: I have known him since he came here six months ago,01 基本用法表示继续意义的现在完成时说明过去的动作一直延续到现在,也就是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态,一直持续到现在.此时,往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语.举例如下:, I began to study English three years
8、ago.我三年前开始学英语 I still study English now.我现在仍然在学英语 I have studied English since three years ago.自从三年前我就开始学英语了.,现在完成时这一时态就是动作在过去发生,但也一定要和现在有关系,否则就用过去时.如上例1 只表示月日 “三年前我学过英语”与现在没关系,而如果用了现在完成时,即使不出现时间状语也表示与现在有关系,即 “现在仍然在学英语”,表示继续的动词在英语中能用现在完成时表示动作延续到现在的动词比较少,常用的有:Have been to已经去过了Have lived 已经住了Have stud
9、ied 已经学了Have used已经使用了Have worked已经工作了,Have known已经认识了Have stayed 已经停留了Have taught 已经教了Have wanted to 已经想要,常用的时间状语:All this week 整个这一周.Always总是How long 多长时间Often 常常All day 整天For+时间 多长(时间)Lately 最近,Recently 最近Since+过去某时 自从Today 今天Up to now 直到现在During the past/last days (years,months)在过去的/前些日子(年,月),In
10、 the past/ last years (months,days)在过去的年(月,日)These days(months,years)这些天(月,年)This week(month,year)这个星期(月,年),For + 时间For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如a long time , several days , some time(一些时间)I have lived here for a long time.She has been busy for five days.He studied in Peking University for 4 years
11、 in 1960s.,Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子.Since +表示过去的时间的词,表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,此时since 是介词.常见的时间状语如下:Since three years agoSince two months agoSince then从那时以来Since 2005,从2005年以来到现在,Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night.迈克从昨天/昨晚以来就病了.since+句子(过去时),此过去时的句子相当于 “since+表示过去的时间”只不过用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态,此时sin
12、ce是连词.,We have known each other since we were children.当我们还是孩子的时候,我们就认识了.We have lived here since we moved here in 2001我们自从2001年搬到这儿来后,一直住在这儿.,Since 引导的从句中的动词用过去时,而主句原则上是用现在完成时,但it is +时间句型除外.It is ten years since we left.自从我们离开已经有十年了.,how long表示多长时间,多久.回答 “how long +have/has +主语+过去分词”这样的现在完成时的问句时,常
13、用for和since的句子.但和 “for+时间”一样,how long 不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态.,A: How long have you worked in this factory ?你在这个工厂工作多长时间了?B: Ive worked in this factory for 3 years.我已经在这个工厂工作三年了.B: Ive worked in this factory since I graduated from university.自从我大学毕业后,我就在这个工厂工作了.,How long did you study Chinese last year?去年你学了
14、多长时间的汉语.“when?” 疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为 “when”疑问句是用来询问时间的,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间.(正)when did you visited Beijing?(误)when have you visited Beijing?,all +时间All day(一整天),all this morning(今天一整个早上,)all week(一整个星期)等时间状语除了和现在完成时连用外,变可和其他时态连用.Nacy has had a stomachache all day.南希胃疼了一天.Before liberation the peasants worked
15、all day, but they got little.,其他: always,often ,these days (months), recently /lately ,so far, up to now ,till/ untill now , in the last few years.Always (总是), often (常常) ， these days(months)(这几天,这几个月)这几个词和词组都是既可以和完成时连用,也可以和其他的时态连用.,Recently/lately(最近,近来),表示包括现在在内的时间,所以常常和现在完成时连用.So far/up to now(到目
16、前为止), till/untill now(到现在),皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时.In the last /past few years.(在过去的几年中)这样的时间状语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时),Weve always/ often seen him jog in the morning.我们经常看到他晨跑Nancy hasnt gone to school recently/lately.南希最近/近来没有去上学.Three students have been rescued so far .截止到目前,已有三句学生获救.We have learned about 2,000 words in the pas few years.,
