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1、专题九数词和主谓一致,一、数词1基数词的结构特点:(1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“”。(2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。(3)千位以上的数从后向前数,每三位加一个逗号。(4)hundred,thousand,million 等前面有具体数字或 some,several 等修饰时,后面不加“s”;但当其后跟 of 短语时,要用复数形式。,2序数词的结构特点:(1)序数词第119除了 first,second 和 third 外,其余的大部分都是由基数词后加“th”构成。(2)十位数序数词如果含有19的个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,并且中间用连字符连接。(3)百、千、万
2、等的序数词由 hundred,thousand,million 等后加th 构成。(4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。,3分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法(1)分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子大于一时,分母用复数;但要注意整数和分数之间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。(2)在读小数时,小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数点读成 point。(3)百分数用“基数词percent”表示,要注意 percent 不能用复数形式。,特别提醒:1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。1/4一般用 a/one quarter 表示。,4表达倍
3、数关系的句式(1)主语A谓语倍数程度as形容词或副词原级as比较对象B。(2)主语A谓语倍数程度the度量名词of比较对象B。(3)主语A谓语倍数程度what从句。(4)主语A谓语倍数程度形容词或副词的比较级than比较对象B。(5)主语A谓语形容词或副词的比较级than比较对象Bby倍数。,特别提醒:表达倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用 twice/double,三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词times”表示。,二、主谓一致(一)主谓一致三原则1语法一致的原则。即主语是单数,谓语为单数;主语若为复数,谓语亦为复数。例如:He does well in maths.2意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义
4、,而不是形式,决定谓语的数。例如:The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。3就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如:Either he or I am right.,特别提醒:三个原则虽然不同,但在具体运用中,它们往往是协调的,并不矛盾。例如:More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时,一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如:More than
5、one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数,意义是复数),(二)主谓一致细说1谓语用单数时的情况(1)不可数名词做主语时。例如:There is a lot of water in the jar.,特别提醒:不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词,则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如:One million tons of oil were produced last year.(2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如:That she will come here tomorrow is certain.,特别提醒:what 从句做主语
6、时,谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较:What they want is nothing but a rest.What he wants are two books.当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时,谓语动词应用单数。例如:What he said has left us much to think about.,(3)主语是形单意单的词主语若是单数名词,后面尽管跟有 as well as,with,together with,besides,except,but,including,rather than 等引导的短语,谓语仍用单数。例如:The teac
7、her as well as his students is playing football.In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk or sugar.主语是 each 或单数主语被 each,every 修饰时。例如:Each of the boys has a pencil box.Here every student is good at drawing.,特别提醒:单数的并列主语被 every,each,no,many a 修饰时,谓语也用单数。例如:Every desk and chair is new.Each tea
8、cher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school.,特别提醒:each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。例如:They each have finished their exercises.主语是 either,neither,the other 或主语被 either,neither 修饰时。例如:Either of the answers is correct.Neither answer proves to be correct.every/some/any/nobody/one/thing
9、 构成的复合不定代词做主语时。例如:Nobody is absent.,主语是a kind/sort/type of单数或复数名词时,因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词,也是信息的焦点,所以,谓语应与其一致。例:This kind of wheat isnt grown in our country.(4)主语是形复意单的词以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如:The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1945.以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如:Physics is taught in all middle s
10、chools.“One and a half复数名词”做主语时。例如:One and a half days is all I can spare.,2谓语用复数时的情况(1)主语是形单意复的词people,police 等集合名词做主语时。例如:The police have caught the thieves.“the/these/those形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人,这一结构做主语时。例如:,Those wounded were taken good care of.“the形容词”还可表示抽象事物,这时应视做单数。例如:The beautiful gives pleasure
11、 to people.“the表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民,这一结构做主语时。例如:The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people.,(2)主语是形复意复的词某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如:Things are getting worse and worse.The surroundings are usually quiet here.“one or two复数名词”做主语时。例如:There are one or two tickets left.,glasses,compasses,trousers 等由两部分连成一
12、体的名词做主语时。例如:My trousers are worn out.若前面有 pair 等物量词,则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。例如:There is a pair of compasses on the desk.There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.,3谓语用单数或复数均有可能(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时,谓语用单数。例如:Ten dollars is what he needs.Twenty kilometres isnt a short distance.若侧重于一个个的个体,则用复数
13、。例如:Five years have passed since I joined the League.,(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时,谓语一般用复数。例如:Reading and writing are both very important.Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person.若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时,谓语用单数,但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。例如:The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very stri
14、ct with us.Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food.Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.,(3)family,class,group,team,crowd,crew,enemy,committee,population 等集合名词做主语时,若强调整个集体,谓语用单数。例如:The population of China is large.中国人口众多。若强调集体中的各个成员,谓语用复数。
15、例如:Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。,(4)what,which,who,some,any,more,most,all 等词做主语时,谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。例如:All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数)All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时,是复数)(5)none 做主语时,若指代可数名词,谓语用单数和复数均可以;若指代不可数名词,谓语用单数。,(6)“half of,part of,most of,eighty pe
16、rcent of,one third of,the rest of名词/代词”做主语时,谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。例如:Most of the people agree with us.Most of the money is spent on clothes.(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时,谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定。例如:All means have been tried.Every means has been tried.,(8)在四则运算中,加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可,减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如:Three plus three makes/make six.Thirtyfive divided by five is seven.,