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1、 Born To Win考研英语阅读理解解题技巧考研英语阅读理解解题技巧推理题推理题推理引申题主要测试考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力，要求考生领悟所读材料中句子 之间的逻辑关系，并且根据材料提供的已知信息进行分析、归纳和推理。判断推理能力对 深刻理解一篇文章十分重要，特别是理解作者字里行间的言外之意、作者的观点、写作意 图和态度。命题专家在命制此类试题时通常要求考生对文章或段落进行深层推理和理解， 不可能把试题的答案非常直接地暴露于选项中。因此考生应该注意把它与事实细节题区别 开来，推理引申题必须以事实为依据，但是得出的结果又绝对不是事实本身，即不能“就 事论事”。跨考教育英语教研室吴老师在多年
2、教学经验中发现，推理引申题对一些基础比较薄弱 的考生而言是一个难点，考生似乎对文章读懂了(可称之为“自我感觉良好”)，然而在解 题时却始终不知如何下手，试题也做得不好。这是考生没有领会命题专家设置推理引申试 题的用意的缘故。事实上推理引申题考查的不仅是考生对字面意义的理解，更要求考生透 过文章的字里行间去推测作者未明说而又意欲表达的含义。解此类题，考生应该根据文中 的材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申。接下来跨考教育英语教研室吴老师就为考生详细讲 解推理题的解题技巧。广义的推理引申题涵盖的范围极其广泛。它既可以就总体信息也可以就具体或特定信 息提问。总体提问通常包括文章主旨题、作者观点态度题;局部
3、提问通常指段落主旨题、猜 测词义/句意题。但是为了突出这四种出现频率很高且带有典型性的题型，我们下面谈到的 推理引申题是排除以上情况的狭义概念。1命题模式狭义的推理引申题题干中常有 infer，imply，suggest，deduce，conclude 等词出现， 常见的命题模式有：(1)It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that.(2)We can infer (assume, deduce) that .(3)Which of the following can (not) be i
4、nferred from the passage? (4)It is implied (indicated, suggested) in the passage/the first paragraph/the second sentence/the example that .(5)By. the author implies (suggests, indicates )that .(6)The passage implies in the passage that .(7)The author suggests(indicates)in the passage that .Born To W
5、in(8)It can be concluded from the passage that .(9)From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that. we can draw the conclusion that .(10)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage (the first paragraph, the last paragraph)?引申推理题按照解题思路主要可以分为暗指题、推理题和结论题。暗指题的特点是要求读者体味“言外之意”，信
6、息只能从字里行间获得。对于这类试 题，考生首先要分清是明述还是暗指，即言内还是言外;其次，要尽最大可能与命题者达成 “共识”，因为命题人事先确定的答案不允许考生的认识有任何偏差;最后，要对文章中的 有关事实和观点进行分析和研究，按照事实发展的逻辑次序，总结出合情合理的结论。Example 1If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical f
7、or management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999 年 Passage 5)The author implies that the results of scientific research .A may not be as profitable as they are expectedB can be measured in dollars and centsC rely on conformity to a standard patternD are most
8、ly underestimated by management原句是个假设条件句，指出“假如科学实验像科学杂志登载的科学报告显示的那样完 全按事先的计划去规划和实施，那么，对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量 的结果是完全合理的”。此处正话反说，作者的言外之意是，科学实验总有不可预测的现 象，产生的结果也难以预测，因此不能肯定有效益。A选项“可能不像预料的那样有利可 图”才是作者真正想要表达的含义。Example 2Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanic
9、s, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Born To WinAcute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British c
10、ommission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”(1996 年 Passage 4 )It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics .A benefited a lot from their mathematical k
11、nowledgeB shed light on disciplined school managementC was brought about by privileged home trainingD owed a lot to the technological development这里第二段的首句指出：敏锐的外国观察家将美国人的适应能力和创新能力与这个教 育优势联系在一起。this 往回复指前述的最后内容，也就是前一段末句谈到的“技工们有 文化并且熟知算术、几何学、三角学”，从而可知这种教育优势就是熟练掌握数学。因而 作者暗指的意思是A选项“它们很大程度上得益于数学”。推理题与暗指题虽
12、然有许多相似之处，但是其思路与方法更侧重于推理，主要测试考 生的思维判断能力，即由已知的事实为依据去获得未知的信息。考生解题时首先要把握推 理范围大至段落或全文，小至词语或句子;其次要严格遵循逻辑规律，保持正确的思维 过程和严密的逻辑;再次可以利用相关部分提供的事实、背景知识和常识去推理。干扰项的特点：根据文章中某些事实亦可以推导，然而又答非所问。(1)推断文章内容的含义和引申意思ExampleExamples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine
13、 that the merger of a few oil firms today could re- create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reductio
14、n in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissanbut it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.(2001 年 Passage 4)From Paragraph 4 we can infer that
15、.A the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumersBorn To WinB WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costsC the costs of the globalization process are enormousD the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition命题者设置的难点是第二句中定语从句的理解。原文谈到“目前难以预料，数家石油 公司的合并是否会再次对竞争造成威胁。
16、100 年前美国的标准石油联合公司(Standard Oil Trust)被解散，就是因为当时人们担心它会对竞争构成威胁”，由此引申推理可知D项 “标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争形成过威胁”。此外，考生还需要注意，might have threatened 是虚拟语气，表示对过去的推测。(2)运用数字进行推理ExampleEmerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.This developmentand its strong implication for US politics and e
