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1、嵌入式专业英语嵌入式专业英语M memory map（内存映射） A table or diagram containing the name and address range of each peripheral addressable by the processor within the memory space. Memory maps are a helpful aid in getting to know the target. 一个在内存空间中的，包含每个外设的名字和可由处理器设置的地址范围的表格或图表。内存映射有助于了解目标机情况。memory-mapped I/O（内存映射
2、 I/O） An increasingly common hardware design methodology in which I/O devices are placed into the memory space rather than the I/O space. From the processor“s point of view, memory-mapped I/O devices look very much like memory devices. 一种日益流行的硬件设计方法，在这种方法中，I/O 设备被放置在内存空间而不是 I/O 空间。从处理器的观点看，内存映射 I/O
3、设备看上去很象内存一样。 memory space（内存空间） A processor“s standard address space. Contrast with I/O space. 一个处理器的标准地址空间。相对 I/O 空间。Microcontroller（微控制器） A microcontroller is very similar to a microprocessor. The main difference is that a microcontroller is designed specifically for use in embedded systems Microc
4、ontrollers typically include a CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM and/or ROM), and other peripherals on the same chip. Common examples are the 8051, Intel“s 80196, and Motorola“s 68HCxx series. 微控制器很像微处理器。主要的差别在于微控制器被特殊设计用在嵌入式系统中。微控制器典型地包括 CPU、内存（很小的 RAM 或 ROM） ，还有其他的外设，它们在同一块芯片上。常见的例子是：8051、Intel80
5、196、Motorola68HCxx 系列。Microprocessor（微处理器） A piece of silicon containing a general-purpose CPU. The most common examples are Intel“s 80x86 and Motorola“s 680x0 families. 一片包含通用 CPU 的硅片。常见的例子是：Intel80x86、Motorola 680x0 系列。Monitor（监视器） In the context of this book, a debug monitor. However, there is a
6、second meaning for this word that is associated with intertask communication. In that context, a monitor is a language-level synchronization feature. 在这本书的上下文中，是指调试监视器。然而，第二个意思与任务间通讯相关联。在那个上下文中，监视器是高级同步机制的特性。Multiprocessing（多处理） The use of more than one processor in a single computer system. So-call
7、ed “multiprocessor systems“ usually have a common memory space through which the processors can communicate and share data. In addition, some multiprocessor systems support parallel processing. 在单个的计算机系统中有多个处理器。被叫作“多处理器系统”的一般有公用的内存空间，处理器通过它们进行通讯和共享数据。另外，一些多处理器系统支持并行处理。Multitasking （多任务）The execution
8、 of multiple software routines in pseudo-parallel. Each routine represents a separate “thread of execution“ and is referred to as a task. The operating system is responsible for simulating parallelism by parceling out the processor“s time. 伪并行运行的多个软件程序。每一个程序表现得像分开的“执行的线程”并且被看作是一个任务。操作系统通过分配处理器时间来模拟并
9、行方式。Mutex（互斥） A data structure for mutual exclusion, also known as a binary semaphore. A mutex is basically just a multitasking-aware binary flag that can be used to synchronize the activities of multiple tasks. As such, it can be used to protect critical sections of the code from interruption and s
10、hared resources from simultaneous use. 表现互斥现象的数据结构，也被当作二元信号灯。一个互斥基本上是一个多任务敏感的二元信号，它能用作同步多任务的行为，它常用作保护从中断来的临界段代码并且在共享同步使用的资源。 mutual exclusion（互斥现象） A guarantee of exclusive access to a shared resource. In embedded systems, the shared resource is typically a block of memory, a global variable, or a s
11、et of registers. Mutual exclusion can be achieved with the use of a semaphore or mutex. 唯一访问共享资源的保证。在嵌入式系统中，共享的资源典型的有内存块或寄存器组。互斥现象能由使用信号灯或互斥完成。N NVRAM Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that retains its data even when the system is powered down. NVRAM frequently consists of an SRAM and
12、 a long-life battery. 非易失的随机访问存储器。一种能在系统关机的情况下保持它的数据的 RAM。NVRAM 常常由 SRAM 和长寿命电池组成。O OTP See one-time programmable. object code（目标代码） A set of processor-readable opcodes and data. The output of compilers,assemblers, linkers, and locators are files containing object code. 处理器能读的操作码和数据。编译器、汇编器、连接器和定位器的
13、输出文件都含有目标代码。object file（目标文件） A file containing object code. The output of a compiler or assembler. 包含目标代码的文件。编译器或汇编器的输出。one-time programmable（一次可编程的） Any programmable device, like a PROM, that can be programmed just once by the end user. However, this term is used almost exclusively to refer to mic
14、rocontrollers with on-chip PROM. 任一可编程的设备，像 PROM，仅仅能被最终用户编程一次。然而，这个术语一般被专有地使用在拥有片上 PROM 的微控制器上。 opcode A sequence of bits that is recognized by the processor as one of the instructions in its instruction set. 一串被处理器验证过的二进制位的序列，它作为其指令集的一个子集。operating system（操作系统） A piece of software that makes multit
15、asking possible. An operating system typically consists of a set of function calls, or software interrupts, and a periodic clock tick. The operating system is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling access to shared resources. 使多任务能够实现的一个
16、软件。一个操作系统典型地由一个函数调用集、软件中断和定期时钟周期组成。一个操作系统负责决定哪一个任务在给定的时间将使用处理器，并且控制对共享资源的访问。Oscilloscope（示波器） A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted. 一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。P PROM（可编程只读存储器） Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory device
