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1、中考语法复习方略发布时间:2009-12-29 作者:上海新东方中学个性化英语组 来源:一、三从句一、三从句宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:1.1. 由由 thatthat 引导的宾语从句。如:引导的宾语从句。如:WeWe knewknew (thatthat)wewe shouldshould learnlearn fromfrom eacheach othother.er.2.2. 由由 if/whetherif/whether 引导的宾语从句。如:引导的宾语从句。如:PleasePlease telltell meme if/whether
2、if/whether youyou havehave beenbeen toto America.America.3.3. 由由 whowho,wherewhere,howhow 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:CanCan youyou telltell m me e howhow I I cancan getget toto thethe nearestnearest postpost officeoffice?二、三个任务二、三个任务1.1. 引导词关引导词关如果从句是陈述句,引导词用如果从句是陈述句,引导词用 thatthat(thatt
3、hat 在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用是一般疑问句,引导词用 if/whetherif/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词来的疑问代词/ /副词。副词。2.2. 语序关语序关陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:HeHe isis anan honesthonest boy.boy. TheThe teacherteacher said.said. TheThe teachertea
4、cher saidsaid(thatthat)hehe waswas anan honesthonest boy.boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:DoesDoes hehe workwork hardhard?I I wonder.wonder. I I wonderwonder if/whetherif/whether hehe worksworks hard.hard.WhenWhen diddid hehe leaveleave?I I dontdont know.know. II dontdon
5、t knowknow whenwhen hehe left.left.3.3. 时态关时态关如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:I I havehave heardheard(thatthat)hehe willwill comecome backback nextnext week.week.如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:HeHe saidsaid(thatthat)therethere werewere non
6、o classesclasses yesterday.yesterday.注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:都要用一般现在时。如:HeHe saidsaid thatthat lightlight travelstravels muchmuch fasterfaster thanthan sound.sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用三、人称的变化和标点的使用1.1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称从句的主语如果是
7、第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:“May“May I I useuse youryour knifeknife?”He”He askedasked me.me. HeHe askedasked meme ifif hehe mightmight useuse mymy kniknife.fe.“Do“Do youyou knowknow herher telephonetelephone numbernumber?”He”He askedasked me.me. He
8、He askedasked meme ifif I I knowknow herher telephonetelephone number.number.2.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:如:WhoWho willwill givegive usus a a talktalk?I I dontdont know.know. II dontdont knowknow whowho willwill givegive usus a a talk.talk.DoDo youyo
9、u knowknow?WhereWhere doesdoes hehe livelive?DoDo youyou knowknow wherewhere hehe liveslives?四、两副面孔四、两副面孔ifif 和和 whenwhen 既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔两副面孔”的哪一副。如:的哪一副。如:IfIf itit rainsrains tomorrowtomorrow,I I wontwont cocome.me.(时间状语从句)(
10、时间状语从句)I I dontdont knowknow ifif itit willwill rainrain tomorrow.tomorrow. (宾语从句)(宾语从句)五、从句的简化五、从句的简化1.1. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 findfind,seesee,watchwatch,hearhear 等感官动词时,从句常简化为等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语宾语宾补宾补”结构,宾补为不带结构,宾补为不带 toto 的不定式或的不定式或 V-ingV-ing 形式。如:形式。如:SheShe foundfound thatthat thethe walletwallet lay
11、/waslay/was lyinglying onon thethe ground.ground. SheShe foundfound thethe wallwalletet lie/lyinglie/lying onon thethe ground.ground.2.2. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 hopehope,wishwish,decidedecide,forgetforget,planplan,agreeagree 等,且主句主语与等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:SheShe agreedagreed t
12、hatthat sheshe couldcould helphelp meme withwith mymy maths.maths. SheShe agreedagreed toto helphelp meme wiwithth mymy maths.maths.3.3. 在连接代词在连接代词/ /副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为宾语从句可简化为“连接代词连接代词/ /副词不定式副词不定式”结构。如:结构。如:CanCan youyou telltell meme howhow I I ca
13、ncan getget toto thethe stationstation?CanCan youyou telltell meme howhow toto getget toto thethe stationstation?whetherwhether 和和 ifif 的区别的区别.用用 whetherwhether 不能用不能用 ifif 的情况的情况1.1.在介词后面:在介词后面:ImIm thinkingthinking ofof whetherwhether wewe shouldshould gogo fishing.fishing. WeWe didntdidnt thinkth
14、ink a aboutbout whetherwhether itit wouldwould rainrain thethe nextnext day.day.2.2.在动词不定式前:在动词不定式前:TheyThey askedasked meme whetherwhether toto sitsit atat thethe frontfront. .3.3.当与当与 oror notnot 连用,或连用,或提出两种选择提出两种选择 时时: :I I dontdont knowknow whetherwhether heshes freefree oror not.not.MaryMary a
15、skedasked whetherwhether I I waswas doingdoing mymy homeworkhomework oror not.not.TellTell meme whetherwhether youdyoud likelike toto gogo shoppingshopping oror tidytidy thethe room.room.4.4.宾语从句提前时:宾语从句提前时:WhetherWhether thisthis isis truetrue oror not,not, I I cantcant say.say.5.5.在动词在动词 discussdiscuss 后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中:We:We discusseddiscussed whetherwhether wewe wouldwould havehave a a sportssports mee