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1、英语定语从句及形容词性从句用法英语定语从句及形容词性从句用法英语定语从句(形容词性从句)用法一、定义：定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词有：who,?whom,?whose,?that,?which 等。 关系副词有：when,?where,?why 等。先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair先行词 关系词 定
2、语从句关系代词 关系副词（which, who, whom, whose, that） （where, when , why）二、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用 who 作主语，whom 作宾语(可省)；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用 that ，可作主语或宾语(可省)；4）whose 用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语） ，why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语） 。关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词必须和先行词在人称和数量上保持一致
3、。小结: who, whom, whose(of which), that ( 指人/物), which (指物)(主语) (宾语) (定语)Where= in which (指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语)When= on which（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语Why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）三、关系词的选择1首先判断先行词。2先行词确定后，再看关系词在从句中作什么成分，然后正确选择关系词。4定语从句要避免成分重复5定语从句要避免漏用先行词6含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开These are the trees which were planted last yearShe is t
4、he girl who sings best of allThe student who answered the question is my classmateThe doctor whom your talking about has gone homeI know the lady whose husband works in a hospitalThis is the letter that is written in pencil is difficult to readWhere is my coat which I bought this morning?I have neve
5、r forgotten the day when I met youThe is the room where he livesThe is no reason why you should leaveThe woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.四、定语从句中的 that, who 用来指人时的用法在下列情况下多用或须用 who 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用 who.Do you know the man who spoke just now
6、?The doctor who treated me was very experienced.先行词为 all, anyone, one, ones 等时，多用 who。All who heard the news were excited.Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.先行词为 those 和 people 时多用 who。Those who want to go please sign their names here.People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.在非限制性
7、定语从句中作主语须用 who，作宾语须用 whom。Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard.Mr .Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.在被分割的定语从句中须用 who.A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.在以 there be 开头的句子中多用 who.There is a stranger who wants to see our h
8、eadmaster.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是 that，另一个须用 who。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is modest and studies very hard.五、只用 that 不用 which 的情况 1、?当先行词是 all,?little,?few,?much,?something, everything,?anything,?nothing,?none 等不定代词时。如： Everything?that?happened?then?was?like?a?ni
9、ghtmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I?will?tell?him?all?that?you?told?me?at?the?ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、?当先行词被 only,?any,?few,?little,?no,?all,?just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如： The?only?thing?that?we?could?do?was?to?wait.我们能做的只是等待。 Thats?the?very?thing?that?we?can?do.那正是我们能做的事。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修
10、饰时。例如： The?first?place?that?we?visited?was?the?Great?Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This?is?the?best?novel?that?I?have?ever?read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如： Yesterday?I?caught?two?fish?and?put?them?in?a?basin?of?water.?Now?you?can?see?the?two?that?are?still?alive.?昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。?你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。? 5、主句是 The
11、re?be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用 that 作关系代词修饰物。例句： Theres?still?a?room?that?is?free.还有一个空房间。 6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如： We?talked?about?the?people?and?the?villages?that?we?remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。 He?asked?about?the?factories?and?workers?that?he?had?visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。 7、当主句中有 who,?which 时，而定语从句中也要用到 who 或wh
12、ich 时，为了避免 whowho,?whichwhich 等重叠，定语从句要用 that 引导。例如： Who?is?the?man?that?is?standing?by?the?door?站在门边的那个男人是谁？ Which?of?the?two?cows?that?you?keep?produces?more?milk?你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？ 8、人或物在定语从句中表语时，用 that 引导定语从句，而 that 通常也可以省略。例如： He?is?no?longer?the?man?that?he?was.他不再是过去的他。 六、关系副词 when 指时间,关系副词 whe
13、re 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.巩固练习Fill in the gaps:1. We?talked?about?the?people?and?the?villages?_?we?remembered.2. The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3. This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4. This is the second novel _ I have ever
14、read.5. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.6. Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7. He?is?no?longer?the?man?_?he?was.单选题1I still remember the day- I joined the armyA. which B. when C. on that D. in which2. This is the factory- we visited last yearA. where B. which C. why D. who3
15、. Have you found the woman-purse was lostA. that B. who C. whose D. whom4. Where is the window - glass was broken?A. which B. that C. whose D. its5. This is the book- I wantA. that B. what C. in which D. as6. She is a new teacher- will teach you EnglishA. who B. whose C. whom D. when7. I know him-sister is our teacherA. whose B. whom C. that D. which8. Is this the house- you will buy?A. where B. which C. why D. who9. he is the person-Im looking forA. how B. whom C. whose D.
