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1、 鉴于各种题型的不同特点,定位法的具体解题步骤也有所不同,但其基本步骤包括三步:预测、定位和验证。预测,就是对所给的题干、题支或两者进行主动思考,从中洞察出题者的意图,这是变被动为主动的关键一步。定位,就是根据关键词、关键信息或结合两者在材料中找到题目的出处,并根据材料内容初步确定正确答案。验证,就是对所做出的答案进行再次确认,可使用直接、间接或两者结合的方法来确定。完型填空完型填空“三步定位法三步定位法”介绍:介绍:1. 预测:完型填空主要使用题支预测的方法。对题支的预测内容主要包括:词义、词性、固定搭配、习惯用法、各个选项之间的联系和区别等等。一般来说,题支预测应该遵循以下几个原则:(1)
2、同义选特义:备选项中有两个或两个以上意义相近的词语,根据内容可能是选择其中具有特别意义的那一个;(2)同义均不选:备选项中有两到三个意义相近的词语,根据内容可能均不会选择;(3)异义看搭配:四个备选答案都不相同,根据内容可能会选择具有固定搭配或者习惯用法的选项;(4)异义看语境:四个备选答案都不相同且没有合适的固定搭配的,可能需要根据句意或者上下文的内容作出选择。2. 定位:完型填空主要采用综合定位的方法,即:根据原文中的关键词(连词、动词等具有决定意义的词语)和一些关键信息(句义和语法等)来共同确定合适的答案。这里所说的“句义”,既包括备选项所在的句子的意义,也包括其前、后或者所在段的能提供
3、关键信息的句子的句义。这里所说的“语法”也是一个范围较大的概念,既指句子的形式结构,也指句子之间的逻辑关系。句子的形式结构主要是指句子的完整性、时态和语态的正确性;逻辑关系主要是指句子本身意义的正确性,以及句与句之间逻辑的关系的清楚性。特别地,在定位时,要正确处理好关键信息和关键词之间的关系。它们是紧密相连的,而不是截然分开的,是你中有我、我中有你的关系。千万记住,只有都经得起关键词和关键信息分析的答案才是正确答案,与其中任何之一有矛盾的答案都不是正确答案,需要仔细验证。3. 【验证】:完型填空主要采用综合法来验证,即:在选择完所有的选项之后,在通读全文的基础上,重点验证所选择的答案是否与原文
4、的意思吻合、有没有明显的语法错误,同时也要对已经排除的选项做出适当的考虑,对做出排除的原因和依据了然于胸。完型填空定位法解题技巧点拨:完型填空定位法解题技巧点拨:( (一一) )语意解题语意解题简而言之,语意解题就是根据上下文的具体语境来推断出正确选项的方法。一般来说,完型填空的选项大多都可以从上下文中找到相关的提示。尽管这些提示可能或隐或现,但是一定存在,而且要相信自己一定能找到,这是做好完型填空的必备心理素质。按照提示与选项的位置关系,可以将语意提示分为前铺和后补两种情况。前铺是指提示位于所填空之前,后补是指提示位于所填空之后。按照语意间的逻辑关系,又可以将语意提示分为转折(让步)、并列(
5、递进、补充)、因果、假设、比较等等。其关系如下: 资料图 1(二)语法解题语法解题就是根据已有的语法知识来推断出正确答案的方法。常用的语法解题方法包括:句子结构分析法和固定搭配分析法。句子结构分析法主要包括对一般成分的分析和对固定句型的分析两种情况。固定搭配分析法主要包括对名词短语、动词短语、介词短语和形容词短语等的分析。具体关系见下图:Part Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),
6、B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a
7、financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of
8、the population.The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.“ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention
9、 and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 ,” says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to lear
10、n at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later. People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.And
11、 there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate69. A) cur
12、rently B) barely C) anxiously D) heavily70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside73. A) Identifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing74. A) at B) by C) in D) on75. A) desires B) r
13、ealms C) needs D) intentions76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D) portion77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before78. A) neighbors B) moods C) homes D) minds79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average81. A) transform B) yield C) adjust D)
14、 suit82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles本次完形填空选自 2009 年 1 月 20 日 www.guardian.co.uk 网站的一则报道
15、,题目是 Older Peoples Education neglected(被忽视的老年教育),选入本文时略有删减。从题材看,本次完形填空属于论说文体,主题为教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义。全文共六段,第一段首先指出学习对于老年人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人教育面临的种种问题和阻力,与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要性。文章最后提出了一个发人深思的问题:应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。核心词汇1. contribute v. 捐助,捐献,贡献【搭】contribute for 为捐助;contribute to 把捐给【拓】
16、contribution n. 贡献, 捐献;contributing a. 贡献的2. focus n. 集中,聚集【搭】focus ones attention 集中注意力;focus on/upon 强调,使集中于焦点;focus the camera on 把照相机的焦点对准3. concentrate v. 专心于,注意 集中,聚集【搭】concentrate efforts 集中力量;concentrate ones mind 专心【拓】concentration n. 集中,专心难句解析4. The current approach which focuses on younger people and on skills for employment is not adequate to meet the challenges of demographic change.【解析】该句的主语是 The current approach,主语后跟了一个 which 引导的定语从句。“is not