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1、沅江一中高三英语导学案沅江一中高三英语导学案虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法学习目标：1.掌握虚拟语气的基本结构和用法2. 尝试使用虚拟语气的句子教法：讲练结合 试刀翻译 I wish you were more careful _ If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment._ 1. 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来，时态的基本特点是时态退步 2. 虚拟语气表 时间 从句 主句 例句 与现在事 实相反的 假设 1. If we had enough money , we would buy a computer . 2. If I we
2、re you , I wouldnt do it . 3. It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize . 与过去事 实相反的 假设 1. If he had come yesterday, I should have told him about it. 2. If he had apologized , you should have done so too. 与将来事 实相反1. If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 2. If they invited me , I
3、would certainly attend it . （选学）（选学）3、混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句) 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时 间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今 天就知道做什么了。（从句与_事实相反，主句与_事实相反。） (1) If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today）- ._。 (2) If youd lis
4、tened to me , you wouldnt be in such trouble now . _ (3) If the doctor had come in time , Amy would still be alive . _ 4.介词及介词短语 but that, as（if） though, once , but for, without , with , under , undercondition , supposing , suppose , on condition that 等 (1)_his pension , he would starve .要不是有养老金，他都要
5、饿死了 (2)Without your help , _ all this . 要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就 With his aid , you would succeed ._ Plants would die without water on the earth . _ 5. 连词 otherwise, or, but (1)He would have given you more help , but he has been so busy . _ (2)Seize the chance , _ you would regret it . 如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的。 He f
6、elt very tired yesterday , _ . 他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的 6. 通过分词短语表示条件 Given more time, we could have done it better. _(译)7、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用 1. 虚拟语气用在 would rather， would prefer（希望）等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人 宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将 来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用 过去完成时。 To be frank，Id rather you were not
7、involved in the case. (译)_ Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being_。 【点拨】若某人愿自己做某事， would rather 后用动词原形 _（我宁可呆在家里） would ratherthan中用动词原形 _(我宁可呆在家里不出去) 2. 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do I
8、suggest that _ 我建议下周召开个会议。 He insisted that _ there.他要求被派到那儿去。 【点拨】如 suggest, insist 不表示“建议“ 或“坚持要某人做某事时“，即它们用于其本意“ 暗示、表明“、“坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 3. wish 的用法 I wish _. 我希望和你一样高 He wished _. 他希望他没讲过那样的话 I wish that _ . 要是雨停就好了 （选学）（选学）8、 虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语 从句需用虚拟语气，其表
9、达形式为 should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement， aim , wish , plan，idea，等。 (1)We are all for your proposal that the discussion_我们都赞成 你提出的将讨论延期的建议。 Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted . _ （选学）（选学）九、 在主语从句中的应用 It is / was +
10、 necessary + that + 主语 + should + 加动词原形，should 可省略，表示建议、 命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等 可用的词有 important, necessary, natural, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential（必要的） , vital (重要的、至关重要的), fitting（合适的、适宜的） , better , best , appropriate , recommended It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the
11、 project_。 十、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用 1. 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中 在由 lest（唯恐，以免） , for fear that , in order that , in case of 等引导的目的状语从句 中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由 should / could / might + 动词原形构成，should 也可省略。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again_ I will not make a noise for fear that _. 我不会出声的，以
12、免打扰他 He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold . _ 2. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中 在 as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示似乎，好象的意思， 其动词形式与 wish 后接宾语从句中的形式相同。 Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman_ I feel _ younger . 我觉得我仿佛年轻了 10 岁 He talks about pyramids as though _ them himself . 他谈起金字塔来，就好象 亲眼见过似的 十一、虚拟语气的其他形式 1.在书面语中，如果条件从句含有 were, had, should，可将连词 if 省略，再将 were, had 或 should 移至句首，构成非真实条件句的倒装语序 Were I not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会来了。 （更好的）， probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）， vital（极 为重要的）。 Had_。 2. 虚拟语气用在 It is（about high）time that 定语从句中
