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1、战略常用英语词汇战略常用英语词汇1.Macro-environment: 宏观经济环境2.Porters diamond: 波特的钻石模型（研究国家竞争力）3.Porters five forces: 波特的五力模型4.Industry: 行业5.Sector: 部门，领域An industry is a group of firms selling the same principal product or products which are close substitutes. A sector extends the idea of industry into the public s
2、ervices.6.Convergence:集中，趋同7.SWOT: SWOT 模型8.Opportunity: 机会9.Threat: 威胁10.Strength: 优势11.Weakness: 劣势12.Competitor: 竞争者13.Product life cycle: 产品生命周期14.Strategic group: 战略组群15.Segmentation: 细分16.Demand condition （also called diamond condition） 需求条件，又称钻石条件17.Factor conditions 有利因素状况18.Related and supp
3、orting industries 相关和支持性行业的存在19.Firm strategy, structure and rivalry 企业战略、结构和同业竞争20.Threat of new entrants 新进入者的威胁21.Barrier to entry 进入壁垒22.Power of supplier 供应商力量23.Customer 客户24.Competitive rivalry between existing firms 现存企业间的竞争对手25.Substitute product 替代产品26.Value chain 价值链27.Support or secondar
4、y value activities 辅助活动28.Primary value activities 基本活动29.Firm infrastructure 企业基础设施建设30.Human resource management 人力资源管理31.Technology development 技术开发32.Procurement 采购33.Inbound logistics 进货后勤34.Operations 生产经营35.Outbound logistics 发货后勤36.Marketing and sales 市场营销37.Service 服务38.Margin 利润39.Improved
5、 performance and added value 提升业绩和增加价值40.Improved understanding of environmental pressure 更加深刻理解周边环境压力41.Improved competitive position 提升竞争李42.A creative process of change 创造性的变化过程43.A target to motivate and improve operations 促进和改进营运的目标44.Increased rate of organizational learning 提升组织学习程度45.Functio
6、nal structure 职能结构46.Divisional structure （product division， geographical division）事业部结构（产品事业部、地区事业部）47.SBU （strategic business unit） 战略业务单元48.Matrix organization 矩阵组织49.Co-ordinated decisions and better management control, therefore less sub-optimizing （协调决策和管理控制，减少次优决策）50.Conformity with overall o
7、bjectives goal congruence is more likely to be achieved（有助于整体目标的一致性）51.Standardization （标准化）52.Balance between functions, divisions, etc （在职能、事业部之间取得平衡）53.Economy of scale （规模经济）54.Top managers become better decision makers （高级管理层成为更好的决策者）55.Speedier central decisions may be made in a crisis delegat
8、ion can be time-consuming. （遭遇危机可以较快决策应对）56.Those of lower rank experience reduce job satisfaction. （底层员工缺乏工作满意度）57.Senior management do not possess sufficient knowledge of all organizational activities. （高级管理层不大可能掌握组织内方方面面活动的足够知识）58.Centralization places stress and responsibility onto senior manage
9、ment.（集权制使高层领导承担较大压力和责任）59.Subordinates experience restricted opportunity for career development toward senior management positions. （下属员工向上发展的职业机会有限）60.Decisions often take considerable time. （决策往往花费较多之间）61.Strategic apex 战略顶点62.Techno structure 技术结构63.Operating core 作业核心64.Middle line 中间层65.Suppor
10、t staff 支持性人员66.Ideology 思想体系、意识形态67.Risk acceptance 风险接受68.Risk avoidance 风险规避69.Risk mitigation 风险缓释110.Risk transfer 风险转移111. Operational risk 操作风险112.Political risk 政治风险113.Country risk 国家风险114.Project risk 项目风险115.Legal/compliance risk 法律/合规风险116. Commodity risk 产品风险117.Market risk （foreign exc
11、hange risk, interest rate risk） 市场风险（汇率风险、利率风险）118.Liquidity risk 流动性风险119.Credit risk 信用风险110.Strategic risk 战略风险111.Reputation risk 声誉风险112.Risk appetite 风险偏好113.Risk attitude 风险态度114.Risk tolerance 风险容限115.Financial instrument 金融工具116.Derivatives 衍生品117.Hedging 对冲/套期118.Netting 净额119.Forward cont
12、ract 远期合约120.Swap 掉期/互换121.Options 期权122.Call options 看涨期权123.Put options 看跌期权124.Futures 期货125.Exercise price 行权价格126.Elapse 失效、逾期127.Expire 到期128.Maturity 到期日129.Spot rate 即期汇率130.Forward rate 远期汇率131.Premium/discount 升水/贴水132.Interest rate 利率133.Exchange rate 汇率134.Floating rate 浮动利率135.Fixed rate 固定利率
