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1、 轴封加热器 Gland Heater轴封加热器又叫汽封冷却器，它的作用是回收门杆漏汽和轴封漏汽，用加热凝结水以回收热量，并把不凝结性气体排入大气。为了形成一定的负压和排出不凝结气体，该冷却器设有轴加风机。如图 6-4-1 所示，汽封冷却器是一种在大气压力下运行的冷却面积小的热交换装置。本汽封冷却器为单流程、卧式、全流量表面式、带风机冷却器。Gland heater, also known as the gland steam condenser, is intended to recycle valve stem steam leakage and gland steam leakage.
2、It heats up the condensate to recycle the heat and discharge the non-condensable gases into the air. The condenser is provided with a fan to form certain negative pressure and discharge the non-condensable gases. As shown in Figure 6-4-1, the gland steam condenser is a heat exchange device which run
3、s under atmospheric pressure and requires small cooling area. The gland steam condenser is a single-pass, horizontal, full-flow surface-type cooler with a fan. 汽封冷却器由冷却器主体，前、后水室及抽风机等主要部件组成。进、出水室与它们各自的管板用螺栓连接，并且用密封垫片来封住漏汽和漏水。铜管在两端胀于管板上。同时配备两风机。1 台运行，1 台备用。排风机进口处装有蝶阀，它在一定范围内可以调节真空的高低。排风机壳体的疏水任何时候都应敞开排
4、污，通过合适的密封弯头排出凝结水。The gland steam condenser is composed of the cooler body, the front and rear water chamber, the exhaust fan. The inlet and outlet water chambers are connected to their tube plate with bolts and sealed with sealing gaskets to prevent steam and water leakage. The copper tube is expand
5、ed onto the tube plate at both ends. Two fans are provided, one for operation and the other for standby. A butterfly valve is mounted at the inlet of the exhaust fan and is capable of adjusting the vacuum degree within a certain range. Drain of the exhaust fan housing should be open at any time to d
6、ischarge the sewage. The condensate should be discharged through a suitable sealing elbow. 汽封冷却器在启动时应先逐渐开启进水阀，使冷却器水侧充满水，同时打开水室顶部的放气阀，放净前、后水室内的积存空气。运行时，应监视汽侧水位的变化，以防止由于流水不畅或钢管的泄漏而造成汽侧满水事故。To start the gland steam condenser, the inlet valve should be opened first so that the water side of the condense
7、r is filled full with water. At the same time, open the air vent valve at the top of the water chamber to discharge the air accumulated in the front and rear water chambers. In operation, it is required to monitor changes in the steam-side water level to prevent full water accident on the steam side
8、 due to unsmooth drain or steal pipe leakage. 为了清洗或检查管子各端部，必须拆除两端水室。在汽封冷却器不使用时，建议将汽封冷却器管侧的水疏去并彻底干燥。To clean or inspect the tube ends, the water chamber at both ends must be removed. When the gland steam condenser is not in use, it is recommended to drain off the water on the pipe side of the condens
9、er and have it dried thoroughly. 如果上述方法并不切实可行，而且水仍然与管子接触，可以采用继续打循环的方法，并定期换水，以使因有害污染物质集积而引起的腐蚀减至最小。If the above method is not practicable and the water is still in contact with the pipe, it is possible to adopt method of continuous circulation and regularly change the water in order to minimize the c
10、orrosion caused by accumulation of harmful pollutants. 当汽封冷却器泄漏时，如属胀管处不严密，则需要重新胀管，如属钢管损坏，则需要两端将钢管堵塞，直到对它进行更换。堵死的管子数不得超过管子总数的 10%。拆除管子需要使用带有导向和推杆的管子铰刀，导向用来作为定位装置，以避免铰刀倾斜和不小心铰穿管子。为了消除管子和管板之间的压力，要求进行扩孔，并形成供推杆用的凸肩，将冷却器第一端的内径扩到超过管子胀管边缘 0.80mm 距离。如扩孔在这点之外，则在使用推杆时，将会引起管子破裂。在管子的任意一端插入推杆，用足够的力敲打推杆以振动管子，并使它跟管
11、板松脱，抽出管子。放入新的管子，将管子扩口并且和管板一起进行机械清洗。In case of leak of the gland steam condenser, re-expansion of the tube is required if the expanded tube is not tight, or the steel pipe at both ends should be blocked if the steel pipe is damaged until it is replaced. The number of blocked tubes must not exceed 10%
12、 of the total number of tubes. To remove any tube, a pipe reamer with a guide and a pusher should be used, with the guide used as the positioning device, in order to avoid reamer tilt and unintentional penetration of the tube. In order to eliminate the pressure between the tube and the tube plate, c
13、hambering is required and a convex shoulder for the pusher should be formed. The inner diameter at the first end of the condenser should be expanded to more than 0.80mm from the edge of the expanded tube. If chambering is beyond this point, tube rupture will result when the pusher is used at this po
14、int. Insert the pusher into either end of the tube and strike the pusher with sufficient force so that the tube vibrates and comes off the tube plate, then withdraw the tube. Put in a new tube, expand the orifice and mechanically clean it together with the tube plate. 图 6-4-1 轴封冷却器Figure 6-4-1 Gland
15、 Steam Condenser轴封加热器参数(见表 6-4-1):Parameters of gland heater (see Table 6-4-1): 型式管壳式冷却表面积m2150冷却水流量t/h350（最小）管子尺寸(外径壁厚)mmmm252.2管子根数根346传热系数KJ/h.m2.900管阻Mpa(g)0.03设计压力：管侧KPa(g)3300壳侧KPa(g)400设计温度：管侧150壳侧300表 6-4-1Table 6-4-1Type Tube Shell TypeCooling surface aream2150Cooling water flowt/h350 (min)Tube size (outer diameter wall thickness)mmmm252.2Number of tubesunit346Heat transfer coefficient KJ/h.m2.900Tube resistanceMpa (g)0.03Design pressure: Pipe sideKPa (g)3300Housing sideKPa (g)400Design temperature: Pipe side150Type Tube Shell TypeHousing side300
