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1、英译汉部分； 19962005 年英语专业 8 级统考题中英译汉试题评析【1996 年年 8 级测试英译汉级测试英译汉】 Four months before Election Day1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in
2、 June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted3. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting4. Their aim was to devise a strategy5 that
3、would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics7 as well as any in the country. The ba
4、ckdrop8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed9, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff10,
5、 travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of Americaa nation of renewe
6、d military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government12. 【概述概述】 本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲 染性的特点。翻译这类文章时，伸缩性较大，适宜文采的容忍度较大。翻译中涉及被动语 态译法、转译法等。 【翻译要点评析翻译要点评析】 Election Day ：美国的总统“选举日” 。 Reagan-Bush headquarters：里根布什竞选总部。 the rest of the office was practically deserted：“d
7、esert”意为离弃、放弃，此句为被动表 达方式，翻译时如不特别强调施动者，一般译为主动句，即“其他办公室几乎没 有人”。 critical meeting：“critical”有“批评的、危机的、决定性的”意思，此处为“决定性 的”，译为“重要会议”。 devise a strategy：“devise”意为“想出、设计、发明”，此处根据“strategy”一词译 为“制定策略”。 battle-tested veterans：久经沙场的老将；在战场上受过考验的老将。 presidential politics：总统竞选的套路。 backdrop：意为背景、大环境，此处译为“条件”。 the
8、 campaign itself was lavishly financed：该句为被动句，翻译时应该转为主动语态， 即“这次竞选筹到了充裕的资金”。 a top-flight staff：top-flight=best, first rate, staff 此处指“竞选班子”。 a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills：此句为名词性短语，作 Ronald Reagan 的同位语，若直译即“一位极具个人魅力和沟通 技巧的总统。”但考虑到中文不易用修饰成份过长的表达方式，可将此同
9、位语转 译为一个单独的句子，即“他极具个人魅力，精通沟通技巧。” a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government： 译法同上，可转译“国家军事力量复兴，国人积极进取，政府机构精简。” 【参考译文参考译文】 离选举日还有四个月，五个人聚集在里根布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里，看着 一张硕大的日历，1984年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。这是六月份的最后一个星 期六，早晨10点，其他办公室几乎无人。即使这样，他们仍紧闭大门，严拉窗帘。三个主 要人物和两个副手
10、从全国各地赶来，聚在这里召开一个重要会议，旨在制定出一套策略， 以确保里根再次当选总统，入主白宫。 再次当选应该不是件难事。他们久经沙场，跟随里根多年，为共和党干的时间更长， 没有谁比他们更熟悉总统竞选那一套儿。另外，竞选条件也十分有利，很多好消息可供炒 作。例如，美国上下一片和平，经济这一永恒的竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开 始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，足以支付一流竞选班子、巡回演讲以 及电视广告的费用。最重要的是，他们的候选人是罗纳德 里根，他极具个人魅力，精通 沟通技巧。自约翰 F 肯尼迪总统以来，里根最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图：国家军事力量 复兴，国人积极进取，政府
11、机构精简。【19971997 年年 8 8 级测试英译汉级测试英译汉】 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable.1 But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. 2 We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individu
12、ally pay for it. 3 The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. 4 But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. 5 The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and
13、 explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. 6 In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones7 for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which
14、 human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.8【概述概述】 这是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染 性的特点。翻译这类文章时，伸缩性较大，适宜文采的容忍度较大。这篇文章理解起来不 难，但翻译时却发现不好用贴切的汉语表达，因此在处理这样表面看起来比较容易但难翻 译的文章时，注意一定不要拘泥于英文的表达形式。本文翻译中涉及长句译法、定语从句 译法，以及增词法、转
15、译法等。 【翻译要点评析翻译要点评析】 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable：若直译即“歌剧很贵， 那种贵不可避免。 ”但读者要问 “是听歌剧很贵还是演歌剧很贵？”因此，在“歌剧”前要加具体动 词，根据上下文，可以看出“听歌 剧”比较恰当。 But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice：province 意为“领域、范围” ；abdicate 意为“放弃”。societys
16、power of choice 如果直译，即“社 会的选择权”，但这样翻译有些抽 象，可采用意译法，即“社会左右 选择的力量”。 We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it： to make something accessible to someone 使某人也能得到某事 （物），因此全句可译为“使歌剧 和其他形式的高消费文化也能让那 些作为个体消费不起的人们所享受。 ” Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education：the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and e
