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1、状语从句 All rights reserved to Mr. Stone1状语从句状语从句状语从句很简单，只要背熟引导词。一 状语从句的定义和种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of pu
2、rpose) 6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) 状语从句详解状语从句详解 一一. 时间状语从句时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 表示时间的状语从句可由 when, as, while, whenever
3、, after, before, till (until), since, once 一旦, as soon as (或 the moment ,the minute, immediately)一 就, by the time 到某个时间为止, no sooner had than 刚就, hardly (scarcely) had when 刚就, every time,等引导。1. when, while 和和 as 的区别：的区别： 1)when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且 when 有时表示 “就在那时” 。重要词组： be about to do
4、sth when当某人正要做某事的时候，某事发生了 When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他 担水。 （延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 2）While A.引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的， 不加不延续性动词， 并强调主句和从句的 动作同时发生 .While my wife
5、was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading 是延续性 的动词，was reading 和 was watching 同时发生) B.while 用在第二句话句首，表示前后两句话意思上的对比，译作“然而” I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 （对比）I like music, while my sister enjoys sports.C. while 用在第一句话句首，表示让步，译作 “虽然，尽管 ”While
6、 the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. 虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格3）As 表示“一边一边” ，as 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作 同时发生； as 也可以强调 “一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as 表示“一边一边” ） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as 强调句中两个 动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）4）when 还有
7、“既然”之意。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? 你既然有这么好的一个工作为啥还要新工作？ Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料 , 为什么还要用木料 ? 2.由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句 。before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成 “就， 才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果 before 引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时 ，这样以便体现动作 发 生的
8、先后。 After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系 正好与 before 引导的从句相反。1）It.before 的用法。A.肯定形式， It is (was, will be ) +时间段+before.意思是“过多长时间才怎么样 ”It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。 It was an hour before(until) the police arrived. 过了一个小时，警察才来。B.否定形式， It isnt (wasnt, wont) +时间段+before.意思是“
9、没过多久就怎么样 了”It wont be long before we finish the whole book.用不了多久我们就学完这本书了。It wasnt long before we uncovered the truth. 没过多久我们就发现了真相。2）It is +时间段+since 用法A.It is +时间段+since+非延续性动词过去时 -“做某事已经多长时间了 ”It is five years since he joined the army.他参军已经五年了。（join 不延续）B. .It is +时间段+since+延续性动词过去时 -“不做某事已经多长时间了
10、 ”It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。（live 延续）It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了 （was 延续）3.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the time,the moment, the instant, the minute, each time, every time 等引导的时间状语从句 。这些连词都表示 “一就”。例如： I will g
11、o there immediately I finish my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。状语从句 All rights reserved to Mr. Stone2He ran to help the time he heard the cry for help.他一听到呼救声就跑去救援了。 4.由 no soon
12、er had than 刚就, hardly (scarcely，rarely) had when 刚就,引导的状语从句 要用过去完成时倒装形式，主句用一般过去时正常语序。Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. 我刚进门电话就想了。No sooner had they got off the train than it started moving.他们刚下火车车就开了。Hardly/ Scarcely had they reached the station when the train left.他们刚到火车站火车就开了
13、。 5.关于初中学的“主将从现”的理解：“主将从现”中，主句有三种方式：A. 主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时。Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.B.主句是祈使句。主句是祈使句。Remember to visit your uncle when you get to Shanghai.C.主句是含有情态动词的句子。主句是含有情态动词的句子。I can lend you another book if you return this one on time.6. by the time “到。 。 。为止”用法：“到现在某个时间为止” ，主句用现
14、在完成时；“到过去某 个时间为止”用过去完成时；“到将来某个时间为止”用将来完成时will have done。By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. 他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。 By the time I got to school, the class had already began. 我到校时，已经开始上课了。By the end of next May, we will have finished our study in senior school.到明年 5 月底我们就欧了。二二. 原因状语从句原因状
15、语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是 because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for（为并列连词，它引导的不是从句）表示因果关系时。1. Because 预期最强，表示直接原因，或者用来回答 why 的问句。He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.（直接的原因）2.as, since 语气较轻，一般位于句首，表示明显的原因或者已知的事实。 As it is raining, I will not go out.（明显的原因）Since the shop is far from he
16、re, wed better take a bus.(已知的事实)3.now that 较为正式，只用在句首。 Now that you mention it, I do remember. 三三.目的状语从句目的状语从句1. 引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是 so, that(以便), so that(以便).目的状语从句谓语常有情 态动词）, in order that(以便), in case（以防，以免） ，for fear that（以防，以免）等。Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的) 我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。We shall let y
