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1、第 1 页 共 5 页英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫 Kongfu 太极 Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 书法 calligraphy 中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Ch
2、inese brush painting 中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china 唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝 cloisonne 秋千 swing 武术 martial arts 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教
3、Taoism 墨家 Mohism / Moism 佛教 Buddhism 中国结 Chinese knot 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 法家 Legalism 老子 Lao Tzu 庄子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu 孙子 Sun Tzu 象形文字 pictographic characters 文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The
4、Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游记Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes资治通鉴History as a Mirror山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of
5、 Changes礼记The Book of Rites三字经Three-character Scriptures 五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 八股文 eight-part essay 旗袍 cheongsam 中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit 风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖 zodiac 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明
6、节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年画（traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money /lucky money 红包 red envelope 舞龙 dragon dance 花 灯 festival lantern
7、 灯谜 lantern riddle 舞狮 lion dance 踩高跷 stilt walking 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 豆腐 tofu / bean curd 烧饼 clay oven rolls 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot p
8、ot 烽火台 beacon tower 秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路 the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heave 午门 第 2 页 共 5 页Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河 the Moat 居庸关 Juyon
9、gguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple 乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛 Lama
10、转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine黄帝内经Emperor Huangdis Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine神农本草经Shennongs Herbal Classic 本草纲目Compendium of Materia Medica 针灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脉 feeling the pulse 五禽戏 five-animal exercises 旧石器 时代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器时代 the Neo
11、lithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏 族社会 matriarchal clan society 封建的 feudal 朝代 dynasty 秦始皇 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin 皇太后 Empress Dowager 汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 春 秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太 后 E
12、mpress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch 诸侯 vassal 皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相，宰相 prime minister 太监 court eunuch 少数民族 ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 战国 the Warring States 中华文明 Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization 秦始皇 统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor
13、 Qinshihuang 鸦片战争 the Opium War 太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution 新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution 五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising 918 事变 September 18th Incident 长征 the Long March 西安事变 Xi“an Incident 南京大屠杀 Nanjing Ma
14、ssacre 抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石 Chiang Kai- shek 国民党 Kuomingtang 中华人民共和国 the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) 满族 Manchu 蒙古人 Mongol 士大夫 scholar-officials 学者 scholar 诗人 poet 政治家 statesman 社会地位 social status 多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation
15、 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus 相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial ag 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity 农村剩余劳 动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青
16、春期 puberty 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂 住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling 性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧 视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义 hedonism 文盲 illiteracy 贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
