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1、修辞方法修辞方法 Rhetorical Devices (1) Simile 用比喻词把要加以描写刻画的事物，与另一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物联系用比喻词把要加以描写刻画的事物，与另一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物联系 起来，从而更形象、更生动地说明事理。被比喻的对象称作起来，从而更形象、更生动地说明事理。被比喻的对象称作“本体（本体（subject） ” ， 用来做比喻的对象叫比用来做比喻的对象叫比“喻体（喻体（reference） ” A seems to be/ resembles/ has a resemblance to BA be like/as/as though /than B A
2、 does something like.Beauty, sweet love, is like the morning dew.New China is like a red sun rising in the east.My heart is like a singing bird.Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped into her throat at the boys words. He was like a cock who thou
3、ght the sun had risen for hearing him crow.Joe fought like a lion.Her hands are colder than ice. Some idioms containing simile: Talk like a book, drink like a fish, smoke like a chimney, as fresh as a rose As proud as a peacock, as high as a kite, as light as a feather, as sharp as a knife, as motio
4、nless as a statue Note: Are similes used in the following expressions? She looks like his father. My uncle treated this poor boy as his own son. Class exercises: 找出本体、喻词、喻体 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. Her eyes sparkled like stars. The news is like a dagger to her heart. Her eyes are a
5、s blue as the sea. The child is like a sweet candy. His voice sounded like a thunder in the dark night. The child went to school like a snail yesterday. He regards me as thorn in his flesh.Metaphor 把两个不同类对象之间的相似之处进行比喻，句子结构中含有本体，喻体，而 比喻词则不出现。有些句子中，省略本体，只出现喻体。 The news is a dagger to his heart. Joe wa
6、s a lion in the battle. Learning is climbing up a mountain. He is a wolf in sheeps clothing. He is an ass in a lions skin. The remark was a shot at me. Music is my cup of tea.Life was a journey full of pitfalls. The thought was fire in him. Failure is the mother of success. Chances are flowers dotti
7、ng our life. 还有一些宾语、谓语、定语用做隐喻。He still has a ray of hope.This country has rosy prospects.There was a stormy debate at the meeting.He needled his way through.The hill was veiled in mist. She wormed the secret out of him. I will chew over your suggestion. Lets dig deeper into the text. She melted into
8、 tears. The airplane was swallowed up in the clouds.The machine-gun mowed down the enemy.The mountain is wearing a coat of grass. A shower of stones, a coat of cream, etc. Note: We should avoid such negative metaphor as “exam is the death sentence to most of us students” or “pretty girls are like pa
9、per flowers.”Metonymy 换喻 （用与某物密切相关的东西来代替某物，也称“借代 ” ） 以容器替代内容以容器替代内容The hall applauded. The kettle is boiling. The lamp is burning. The chairman called the house to order. He tasted this dish. He drank the cup off at a draught. He is fond of bottles. 以事物的明显标志或有密切关系的事物代替一物。以事物的明显标志或有密切关系的事物代替一物。 Grey
10、hair should be respected. He must have been spoilt from the cradle. He succeeded to the crown/throne. He rose and addressed the chair. The bench gave a hearing to the bar. 法官听律师陈词 He deserves the palm.他应该受到奖赏。 以工具或器官代替人或物以工具或器官代替人或物 The pen is stronger than the sword. He prefers a hoe to a golf club
11、. Give every man your ears, but few your voice. They decided to apply the axe to non-productive expenditures. He has a ready tongue. Every school needs a head.以专有名词代替普通名词以专有名词代替普通名词 Judas (叛徒) Waterloo（失败） Munich 妥协投降 Eden（乐土、乐园） Kremlin 苏联政府 He has read Byron. He had fallen in possession of a compl
12、ete Shakespeare. 新闻报道中记者们常用借代修辞，给人简洁有力而又幽默巧妙的印象。 Down Under: Australia British Lion: England/the English government Ivan: the Russian people John Bull: England/ the English people Uncle Sam: the United States of America Capital Hill: the legislative branch of the U.S. Romeo: lover Helen: beautiful w
13、oman Milton: poet The bar: the legal profession The bench: position of judge or magistrate The press: news reports, journalists, newspapers Synecdoche 提喻 （以某物的局部表示整体或反过来以整体表示局部） 以部分代替整体 I heard this from the lips of my friends. On the stage, we can see a sea of faces. There are about one hundred han
14、ds in this factory. Great minds think alike. He stayed under the roof for ten days. More hands are needed at the moment. We had dinner at ten dollars a head. The famous port used to be a harbor that was crowded with masts. His death made our team lose a strong arm. 以整体代替部分： All the plants in the col
15、d country are turning green in this smiling year. In the match England has won. They have gained a footing in the cultural world. 其他其他 He sets a good table. She is good girl at her needle. He began to do sums when he was five years old. He doesnt draw for fun; Drawing is his bread and butter. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman. “Aunt Melissa is my admiration,” the little girl said.
