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1、 天然气成为主要供热发电设备的原因在我国,人们对能源的利用和发展与环保关系的认识是逐步深入的。我国长期以来实行以燃煤发电为主的能源政策,八十年代之前,极低的生产力水平使环保未得到重视。到八十年代末,经济的高速发展带来了日趋严重的大气污染,使人们不得不开始重视对环境污染的治理,其中一项举措就是发展热电联供,取消分散锅炉房,减少烟尘对大气的污染,热电厂在发电的同时向周围工厂和生活设施供热,环境污染状况有所改善。但由于以煤为燃料,锅炉烟气含有大量的二氧化硫(so2)和氮氧化物(nox),仍对大气造成污染,加上受蒸汽供热半径的限制,很多热电厂都位于城市或城郊,城市的空气状况会因此变差。特别是在我国北方
2、城市,冬季浓雾弥漫,引起多种呼吸道疾病,对人民生活和身体健康产生严重危害。同时燃煤小热电还有高能耗的缺点,在九十年代后期,政府开始将目光投向天然气这种清洁能源。天然气的热值高,约为 3600040000 kj/nm3,且燃烧后对环境污染小,是所有燃料中单位热值 co2 排放量最低的,且nox 的排放率也很低,可以满足一般电厂的废气排放标准,因而将成为继煤和石油后的主要能源。In our country, the people to the energy use and the understanding to the relation between development and http:
3、/ http:/ http:/ http:/ environmental protection is gradually in-depth. For a long time in China is given priority to with coal energy policy, before the eighty s, a very low level of productivity that did not pay more attention to environmental protection. By the end of the eighty s, the high-speed
4、economic development have brought increasingly serious air pollution, forcing people to begin to pay more attention to the governance of environmental pollution, one measure is to develop cogeneration, cancel the boiler room, reduce the dust pollution of the atmosphere, the thermal power plants in e
5、lectricity to the factory and living facilities around the heating at the same time, the pollution of the environment improved. But as a result of using coal as fuel, boiler flue gas contains large amounts of sulfur dioxide (so2) and nitrogen oxides (nox), still cause pollution to atmosphere, couple
6、d with limited by steam heating radius, many thermal power plants are located in urban or suburban, urban air condition will be worse. Especially in the northern cities in China, the winter fog, cause many respiratory diseases, produce serious harm to peoples life and body health. The disadvantages
7、of small coal-fired thermal power and high energy consumption at the same time, in the late ninety s, the government began http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ to look to the clean energy of natural gas. Gas calorific value high, which is about 36000 40000 kj/nm3, and after combustion pollution to the enviro
8、nment is small, is that all the fuel heating value of the lowest co2 emissions in the unit, and the nox emission rate is low, can meet the emissions standards of general power plant, which will become the main energy after coal and oil. 目前国内燃煤热电厂集中供热与分散的锅炉房相比,具有节约能源、占地少、改善环境的优点,但也存在一些弊端,随着市场经济的发展,其弊
9、端越来越明显。首先是投入大、费用高,城市热网的建设需要大量资金,要建设供热系统管路,因而供热成本很高。在计划经济体制下,建设运行费用由政府负担,其经济效益差的一面没有反映出来,而在如今的市场经济下,由于供热收费欠费引起的问题越来越多,国家也不堪重负。其次是由于计量不规范,热控水平不高,以至热网管理落后,供热各环节浪费太大,尤其是公共建筑在无人时也持续供热,节能变成了浪费。同时原有城市规划对热网考虑不够,使增建的热网管道影响城市美观,同时敷设时需要部分建筑物拆迁等。另外城市中的热电厂增加了市内污染物的排放,使局部环境恶化。喷灌设备因此有必要借鉴发达国家的经验,如一些国家采用分散供热的模http:
10、/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 式,工业企业自备热电站和分散的小型热电站相现结合的方式,分别满足工业和居民的热需求。在这种情况下,燃用天然气的燃气机成为人们选择的主要供热发电设备之一。Coal-fired thermal power plants at home and abroad, central heating compared with scattered boiler room, with the advantages of energy saving, covers an area of less, improving the environment, but the
11、re are also some disadvantages, with the development of market economy, its defects become more and more obvious. First investment is large, high cost, the construction of the urban heat supply network requires a lot of money, to building heating system piping, and heating costs are high. Constructi
12、on under the planned economic system, operation cost shall be borne by the government, the economic benefit is poor side did not reflect, in todays market economy, due to the heating fee overdue bills problem is becoming more and more countries are under strain. Second is due to measurement, thermal
13、 control level is not high, even heat supply network management backward, heating waste too much of each link, especially public buildings without a person also continuous http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ heating, energy conservation becomes a waste. Original urban planning to consider heat supply networ
14、k is not at the same time, build the heat-supply pipeline effect the beauty of the city, at the same time when laying need some building demolition and so on. Other thermal power plants in the city increased emissions of pollutants in the city, make the deterioration of local environment. So it is n
15、ecessary to draw lessons from the experience of developed countries, such as some countries have adopted decentralized heating mode, bring thermal power plants and industrial enterprises scattered small thermal power plant phase combination of, meet the demand of industry and residents hot, respectively. In this case, the burning liquified gas machine become people choose one of the main heating power equipment. 早在 1894 年已有了以天然气为燃料的发动机,经过不断发展和完善,形成了可燃用多种燃料(包括垃圾填埋场产生的填埋气)的燃气机和燃天然气-轻柴油的双燃料柴油机。为了更好地节约能源,还充分利用废热供热或再次发电,实
