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1、五、代词、介词和介词短语一、代 词词考点1 代词词基本用法代词词是代替名词词、短语语和句子起名词词作用的词词。代词词主要包括九类类: 人称代词词、物主代词词、反身代词词、指示代词词、相互代词词(只有两个: each other和one another)、不定代词词、疑问问代词词、关系代词词和连连接代词词。关系代词词和连连接代词词隶属于复合句部分。常见见人称代词词、物主代词词及反身代词词如下表所述: 代词词数 人称代词词物主代词词反身代 词词人 称主格宾宾格形容词词性物主 代词词名词词性物 主代词词 单单 数第一 人称我Imemyminemyself第二 人称你youyouyouryoursyo
2、urself第三 人称他hehimhishishimself 她sheherherhersherself 它itititsitsitself代词词数 人称代词词物主代词词 反身代词词 人 称主格宾宾格形容词词性 物主代词词名词词性物主 代词词复 数第一 人称我们们weusouroursourselves第二 人称你们们youyouyouryoursyourselves第三 人称他们们/ 她们们/ 它们们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves【典例剖析】(2016全国卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old t
3、win that had been rejected by_ (it) mother. 解题题关键键: 此处处表示“它的母亲亲”, 故使用形容词词性物主代词词its修饰饰名词词mother。答案判定: its【高考题组题组 】单单句改错错/单单句语语法填空1. (2016四川高考)When he (my father) came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. (改错错)_2. (2015全国卷)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. (改错错)_her改为为hissaw后添加his3. (2015
4、浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. (改错错)_4. (2014全国卷)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other. (改错错)_them改为为ithim改为为them5. (2015全国卷)Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _(it) choking smog. 6. (2014全国卷)“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last s
5、top? ”“Oh dear! Its _(I). ”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. itsme/mine7. (2015全国卷)Would you please write something about the culture in _(you) part of the United States? 8. (2014辽辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let _stay in the air for seconds. yourit考点2 it的用法1. it作人称代词词的用法
6、(1)指事物作为为人称代词词, it可以指除人以外的一切事物或动动物。*Its hard work, but I enjoy it. (2)指人it指人时时主要用于指性别别不明的婴婴儿或用于确认认某人的身份。*There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 2. it作非人称代词词的用法(1)基本用法it作非人称代词时词时 , 主要用于指时间时间 、距离、价值值、天气、气候及温度等。(2)用于某些句型Its time for sth. 该该做某事了。Its time to do sth. 到该该做某事的时时候了。Its time fo
7、r sb. to do sth. 某人该该做某事了。Its (about/high) time+that-从句 某人(早)该该做某事了。(从句谓语谓语 用过过去时时, 有时时也用“should+动词动词 原形”)Its the first (second) time+that-从句 这这是某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语谓语 用现现在完成时时)Its+时间时间 段+since-从句 自从有多长时间长时间 了。Its+时间时间 段+before-从句 过过了多长时间长时间 才3. it作形式主语语(宾语宾语 )的用法it常作形式主语语(宾语宾语 ), 替代动词动词 不定式、动动名词词或者名词词性从句
8、。(1)it作形式主语语的句型It+be+adj. +(for sb. )to do sth. 常用于此句型的形容词词有: easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。*It is necessary to change your job. It+be+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此句型中的形容词词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该该句型的形容词词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。*How sil
9、ly it was of you to give up such a good chance! It+be+n. (+for sb. /sth. )+to do sth. 用于此句型的名词词(短语语)有: pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。*It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old. It+be+adj. /n. +doing sth. 用于此句型的形容词词和名词词(短语语)常见见的有: no/little use, no
10、/much good, useless, fun等。*Its no use crying over spilt milk. It+be+n. /adj. +主语语从句。在“It is natural/necessary /important/strange+that从句”中, 从句的谓语动词谓语动词 常用“should+动词动词 原形”, 且should可以省略。*Its necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers. It takes sb. some time to do s
11、th. 某人做某事花了一段时间时间 。(2)it作形式宾语宾语 的情况主语语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj. +不定式/动动名词词/从句。*I feel it hard to climb the hill. 某些及物动词动词 或短语语后不能直接跟从句。此时须时须 先用it, 然后接从句, 有此用法的动词动词 (短语语): like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。*I hate it when people talk with their m
12、ouths full. 【典例剖析】(2015全国卷)After six days_is wise to take a day off to rest. 解题题关键键: it作形式主语语, 真正的主语语是后面的to take a day off to rest。构成固定结结构it+be+adj. +to do。答案判定: it【高考题组题组 】用适当代词词填空1. (2015全国卷)Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫宫) where _ is easy to ge
13、t lost! it2. (2014广东东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination. 3. (2014全国卷)Whos that at the door? _ is the milkman. itIt考点3 不定代词词的用法1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都任 一都 不两 者botheit
14、herneither三者或三者以上allanynone2. something, anything, nothing的用法句 式语语 意 something肯定句某事, 某物 疑问问句请请求、征求意见见 anything条件句、否定句、疑问问句 任何东东西(事物) 肯定句任何东东西(事物) nothing陈陈述句没有一点东东西3. none, no one/nobody, nothing的用法指 代回 答特/泛指none人或物how many/much特 指no one/nobody指 人who泛 指nothing指 物what泛 指【典例剖析】单单句改错错(2015陕陕西高考)I wante
15、d to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 解题题关键键: something某件/些事; anything任何一件事, 往往用于否定句或疑问问句中。根据句意, 可知强调调“我要为为他做一些特殊的事情”, 故用something。答案判定: anything改为为something【高考题组题组 】用适当的代词词填空1. (2015全国卷)When _of the two methods removed the noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to
16、go away. 2. (2015浙江高考)They recognize theres _missing in their lives, but its hard to step off the track. neithersomething3. (2015安徽高考)First of _, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 4. (2014四川高考)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _and moved to Cambridge. allneither二、介词词和介词词短语语考点1 介词
