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1、1虚虚拟语拟语气气(一)(一) “if”虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主从句谓语动词的构成情 况从句谓语动词的构成主句谓语动词的构成与现在事实相反过去式(be 用 were)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might +have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式should+动词原形were+不定式should/would/could/might+动词原形注意:从句中的注意:从句中的 should 可用于各种人称,且不可以被可用于各种人称,且不可以被 would 所代替。所代替。如果他在这里,他会帮助我们的。_如果
2、那时我有空的话,我就拜访你了。_如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去野营。_(二)省略(二)省略“if”的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的“were,had,should”放到主语之前,构成部分倒装如果他来,告诉他让他给我打电话。_如果我是你,我就不做。_如果我有空的话,我就拜访你了。_(三)混合虚拟条件句(三)混合虚拟条件句1.不同时间的虚拟,遵守相应的规则要是他听了我的话,现在就不会有麻烦了。 (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)2要是他昨天告诉我了,我就知道现在做什么了。 (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)_如果我是你,我就去参加他的生日聚会了。 (从句与现在事实相反,主句
3、与过去事实相反)_2.虚拟与陈述的混合,遵守相应的规则他本来能通过考试的,但他不够细心。_你应该早一点来的,汽车刚走一会儿。_(四)含蓄虚拟条件句:即不用(四)含蓄虚拟条件句:即不用“if”而用其它形式给出虚拟条件而用其它形式给出虚拟条件1.用用“but for+名词名词”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件Did you make it at last? 你们最后成功了吗?Yes. _, it would have caused a serious loss.成功了,要不是你的帮助,我们的损失就大了。2.用用“without+名词名词”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件_, human life _ today.
4、如果没有电的话,人类今天的生活就会大为不同。3.用用“动词不定式动词不定式”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果这样做,仅仅对了一半。4.用用“现在分词现在分词”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话,我们也许能阻止这场事故。5.用用“过去分词过去分词”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件Given more attention, the tree could have grown bett
5、er.如果多留心的话,这树本来可以长的更好。6.用用“副词副词 otherwise”表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I _.我当时太忙,否则我就给你打电话了。7.用用“连词连词 but 连接的句子连接的句子”表示隐含的虚拟条件表示隐含的虚拟条件He _fatter but he eats too little.3A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become (五)特殊句式虚拟结构(五)特殊句式虚拟结构1.suggest, or
6、der, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist+ 宾语从句宾语从句(should )do他建议我们不要改变主意。_他坚持要到南方去工作。_注意:当 suggest 表示暗示,insist 表示坚持观点,事实时,后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他坚持认为做早操对人的身
7、体有益。2.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that 从句从句(should) do.有人建议应该有更多的学生去上大学。_3.My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal+ is +表语从句表语从句(should)do My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是有应该尽可能多地练习说英语。4.His suggestion/advice/re
8、quest/requirement+ 同位语从句同位语从句(should )do+ is. The request that they should get more is reasonable.他们得到更多的要求是合理的。5.It is natural/necessary/strange +that 从句从句 (should) do 表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. 真奇怪,这样的一个人竟然是我们的朋友。 (表竟然) It is important t
9、hat we should learn from others.重要的是我们理应向他人学习。 (表理应如此)It is a pity that he should not go with us.真遗憾,他不肯跟我们一起走。(表惋惜)6.wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)wish + that clause (would/could/might + do 与将来相反)wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)_我希望雨能停下来。(将来)_4我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)_7.It is
10、 (high) time + 从句从句(did )我们真该回家了_8.would rather + 从句从句 (did 与现在或将来相反与现在或将来相反);(;(had done 与过去相反)与过去相反)我宁愿你现在呆在家里。_我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。_9.If only + 从句从句 ( ( did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)/)/ (would/could/might + do 与将来相反与将来相反) ) /( ( had done 与过去相反与过去相反) ) “要是要是就好了就好了” If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世了。)如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)_要是他明天能来该多好啊!_注意:注意:only if 是是“只要只要”的意思,从句中用陈述语气。的意思,从句中用陈述语气。10.as if +从句从句 (did/were 与现在相反与现在相反) / (would/could/might + do 与将来相反与将来相反)/( had done