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1、利率市场化与我国国有商业银行对策利率市场化与我国国有商业银行对策Interest rates liberalization with our country state-owned Commercial bank countermeasure利率市场化是中国金融体制改革的一项重要内容。随着中国金融市场的开放以及外资 银行抢滩中国市场的深入，国有商业银行如何面对利率市场化的挑战，充分利用国际分工， 积极参与国际金融竞争, 以适应国际经济、金融一体化的要求, 成为商业银行需要认真研究 的课题。 The interest rates liberalization is a China reform
2、of monetary system important content. Hasten to ground the Chinese market along with China money markets opening as well as the Foreign bank thorough, how does the state-owned Commercial bank face the interest rates liberalization the challenge, the full use international division of labor, particip
3、ates in the international finance competition positively, adapts the international economy, the financial integration request, becomes topic which the Commercial bank needs to study earnestly.什么是利率市场化Is assorted is the interest rates liberalization所谓利率市场化，是指金融市场资金供求双方自主确定利率水平的利率决定机制的变 迁过程。具体讲，利率市场化是
4、指中央银行根据货币政策的需要调控基准利率，各商业银 行根据资金市场的供求变化自主调节存贷款利率，最终形成以中央银行基准利率为引导， 多层次、能够充分体现资金供求状况和反映中央银行货币政策意图的利率运行机制。利率 市场化强调利率真实地反映资金成本与供求关系，灵活有效地发挥其经济杠杆作用The so-called interest rates liberalization, is refers to the money market fund supply and demand both sides independent determination interest rate level the
5、 interest rate decision mechanism vicissitude process. Says specifically, the interest rates liberalization is refers to the Central Bank to need to regulate the datum interest rate according to the monetary policy, various Commercial bank saves the rate on loan according to the fund markets supply
6、and demand change independent adjustment, finally forms take the Central Bank datum interest rate as the guidance, multi-level, can manifest fund supply and demand condition and the reflection central bank money policy intention interest rate operational mechanism fully. The interest rates liberaliz
7、ation emphasis interest rate reflected really the fund cost and the supply-demand relation, play its economic levers role effectively nimbly一、我国利率市场化的现状First, our country interest rates liberalization present situation相对于中国经济改革和对外开放的整体步伐而言，利率市场化改革进展较慢。就目前 情况看，我国尚未完全实现利率市场化，利率管制造成利率这一重要的价格杠杆在资源配 置方面的
8、作用受到严重约束，利率结构扭曲。我国利率体系的市场化程度还比较低，主要 表现在以下几个方面： Is opposite says in the Chinas economic reforms and the opening to the outside world overall step, the interest rates liberalization reform progresses slowly. Looked on the present situation that our country not yet completely realizes the interest rate
9、s liberalization, the interest rate control causes the interest rate this important price release lever to receive the serious restraint in the resources deployment aspect function, the rate structure distortion. Our country interest rate systems marketability degree is also quite low, mainly displa
10、ys in the following several aspects:1利率管制程度高，利率水平和结构不尽合理，银行自主性受到限制。当前我国利率 政策的运行环境以管制利率为主，利率水平的决定、差别利率政策的制订等有关利率的各 个方面的政策都由政府严格控制，表现出高度的计划性和封闭性。 1. the interest rate control degree is high, the interest rate level and the structure are incompatible, the bank independency is restricted. The current ou
11、r country bank rate policys movement environment controls the interest rate primarily, interest rate levels decision, the difference bank rate policys making and so on related interest rates each aspects policy by the government strict control, displays the high planning and closeness.2利率水平的确定带有一定的主
12、观盲目性，利率调整的灵活度不够。目前我国利率水 平的决定是由货币政策委员会作出的，利率决策权高度集中于中央政府，利率的制定和调 整存在着严重的时滞效应。 2. interest rate levels determination has certain subjective blindness, the rate adjustment flexibility is insufficient. At present our country interest rate levels decision is makes by the monetary policy committee, the in
13、terest rate decision-making power high degree of concentration in the Central authorities, the interest rate formulation and the adjustment has the serious time-lag effect.3缺乏有效的市场基准利率。2003 年11 月1 日，全国人大常委会副委员长成思危在 一次论坛上指出：“ 利率市场化的关键是确定基准利率。这个基准利率确定后，才能确定 利率结构、风险结构。没有基准利率的确立，利率市场化就是一句空话。”基准利率在整 个利率体
14、系中起核心作用并能制约其他利率，从某种意义上说，基准利率的选择和确定是 利率市场化改革的核心步骤。3. lacks the effective market datum interest rate. on November 1, 2003, Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress Vice Committee Chief Cheng Siwei pointed out at a forum: “interest rates liberalizations key is the definite datum interest rat
15、e. After this datum interest rate determination, can determine the rate structure, the risk structure. Does not have the datum interest rate establishment, the interest rates liberalization is an empty talk.” the datum interest rate the key role and can restrict other interest rates in entire intere
16、st rate system, in a sense, the datum interest rates choice and the determination are the interest rates liberalization reform core steps.二、国有商业银行利率市场化存在的问题Second, state-owned Commercial bank interest rates liberalization existence question（一）资产和负债的结构单一(one)The property and the debt structure is unitary国有商业银行的资产结构单一，除存款准备金与备付金外,绝大部分为贷款资产。在负债总 量中，资金来源的95%依靠吸收各种存款。对利率敏感性较大，搭配极不合理，银行净利 差波动较大。 The state-owned Commercial banks assets structure is unit
