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1、高级职业英语高级职业英语离线作业离线作业 2第一部分：概括大意与完成句子第一部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；（2）第 5-8 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。Soot and Snow：a Hot Combinationl New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow
2、According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white backgroundDark-colored black carbon，or so
3、ot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate changeAls0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface“This provides a positi
4、ve feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said DrJames Hansen，a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs i
5、n the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrostSoot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than i
6、f there were no black carbon，”Hansen saidSoots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbondioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted6 Hansen cautionedalthoug
7、h the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past centurySuch gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r 也 e rest of this century7 The researchers found that observed w
8、arming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudesThese observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight词汇：soot
9、 n煤烟，煤灰emission n释放，散发，排放simulation v模拟latitude n纬度glacier n冰川，冰河albedo n反照率permafrost n永冻层forcing n温室作用dioxide n二氧化物magnitude n量，大小练习：1Paragraph 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change 2Paragraph 4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedowhich may be contribu
10、ting to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere3Paragraph 6 Gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r 也 e rest of this century4Paragraph 7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latit
11、udes5In the twentieth century，soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow 6Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming 7. Black soot covered snow and ice absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy 8A soot forcing is unusually effective，which showed s
12、ome of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight第二部分：阅读理解（每题第二部分：阅读理解（每题 3 分，共分，共 45 分）分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择1 个最佳答案第 1 篇Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information
13、 to physicians and other health professionalsIn the past，these journals were available only in printWith the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only onlineA few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medi
14、cal Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicineMost medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicineMedical journals publish many types of articlesResearch articles report the results of research studies on a range
15、 of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatmentsReview articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literatureBecause the results of individual research s
16、tudies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular diseaseCase conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at themEditorials in medical journals are short essays that express the
