人教版八年级英语上册知识总结第 1 页 共 10 页时态时态 一般现在时一般现在时 一．动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾- s，另外 be 和 have 有特殊的人称形式在加词尾-s 时要注意： 情况加法例词 一般情况加-sreads, writes, says 以 ch, sh, s, x, 或 o 收尾的 词加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的 词变 y 为 i 再加-estry－tries carry－carries 二．一般现在时表示: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与 often, usually, sometimes, always, every day 等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. （4）表示客观、普遍的真理Two and four makes six. 三 句型 1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be 动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词:a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时（I, you, we, they, the boys） ，主语+动 词原形+宾语。
They go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily)，主语+动词 s/es+宾语 Lily often likes singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is… 2.否定句结构: 主语+be 动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词:a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，主语+don’t+动词原形 They don’t go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesn’t +动词原形 Lily doesn’t like singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are 后加 not+表语I am not a worker. 3. 一般疑问句结构: （1）行为动词 a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时， Do+they/we/you+动词原形Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don’t.）b.主语为第三人称单数时， Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.) （2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.) 4.特殊疑问句结构人教版八年级英语上册知识总结第 2 页 共 10 页特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ （1）行为动词 What do they do every day? How often does Peter go fishing? （2) 系动词(be): Who is the girl at that gate?一般过去时一般过去时 一．动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词 的过去式来表达。
构成规则原形过去式 一般在动词末尾加-edwork plant playworked planted played 结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加- dlike live changeliked lived changed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划） stop dropplanned stopped dropped 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的， 先变 y 为 i 再加-edcarry study crycarried studied cried二．一般过去时表示: （1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与 yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990 等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如 What did you have for breakfast this morning? （2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语 连用，如 Last term we often did experiments. 三．句型 1. 肯定句结构: (1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式The twins went to school two hours ago. (2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…I was at home last night. 2.否定句结构: (1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago. (2)系动词(be): 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。
I wasn’t at home last night. 3. 一般疑问句结构: (1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?人教版八年级英语上册知识总结第 3 页 共 10 页Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.) (2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语…?Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was’t.) 4.特殊疑问句结构 特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ ★频度副词频度副词：通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时，频率副词常放在行为动词之 前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后 1.常见的频度副词有：always（总是，一直） 、usually（通常） 、often（常常，经 常） 、sometimes（有时候） 、never（从不） 、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每 天) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到b.放在行为动词前 We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在 7：10 去上学c. sometimes 可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家， 有时我骑自行车 3. every day 与 everydaya. every day 作状语，译为“每一天” 如：We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语b. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的” She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看 日常英语 What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？ ★ 练习 1. How often _does____ your father drink__(drink) wine? 2. His mother __comes___ (come) to see him once a week. 3. Her sister __will not stay___ (not stay) at home on Sundays. 4. Where __were___ (be) you last night? 5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问)__ How often__ __does she __ exercise ? 6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句) Jim ____ never does__ his homework after school. 7. He never goes fishing, ___ does he___?(完成反意疑问句) 8. He （go）__ goes____to the park every day. 9. __Do____ Lucy and Lily （like）__ like ____China? 10. Li Lei（not like）__ doesn't like____ to drink orange soda. 11. ___Did ___Li Ming’s father （have）_ have _____ his lunch at home? 人教版八年级英语上册知识总结第 4 页 共 10 页12. Everybody （have）__ has ____ a chance to win. 13.___ Did ___you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. 14.Did Tom ____go___ home at five yesterday? No, he ____didn’t___. He came home at six. 15.What ____did___ you ___buy____ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I __was_____. 17. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house. 18.When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking. 19.Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday. 20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more ____ English ____. A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;现在进行时现在进行时 一．动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are＋动词现在分词”构成。
加-ing 的规 则如下：（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ingstay－stayingdo－doinglisten－listeningsuffer－sufferingwork－workingspend－spendinglook－looking（2）以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加-ingmake－makingtake－takinggive－givingride－ridingplease－pleasingrefuse－refusingclose－closingoperate－operating（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加- ingput－puttingsit－sitting。