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1、补充日期: 2003-09-132003-09-13 23:08:3623:08:36 4.4. 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语 非谓语动词非谓语动词意义和用法意义和用法 连系动词连系动词 例句例句 不定式不定式 表示具体的动 作，表示打算、 计划、命令和 要求等意义有时可用 appear, seem, happen 等作连 系动词To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.(一般同主语的形式一直) What I wanted to do is write it down. The only thing you can do is wait and s
2、ee. How am I to pay such a debt? Such questions are to be avoided. He was never to see his friend again. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. 常作主语的名词有：aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.动名词动名词 相当于名词， 说明主语动作 的情况和状态。一般是 beWhat like best is sw
3、imming in the sea. My job is teaching English (My job is to teach them to learn English.) Seeing is believing. 有时同不定式可以互换 Our duty is serving the people. Our duty is to serve the people.现现 在在 分分 词词 相当于形容词， 说明主语动作 性质的。一般 分词后不再接 任何成份有时可用 become ; get 等It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.
4、 常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising. 过过 去去 分分 词词 相当于形容词 说明主语动作 的性质或状态， 一般后面带介有时可用 Become ;
5、get ;remain ; appear ; He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that. My work is finished. My watch is gone. 常见的过去分词有：1)常见带介词 about 分词：词短语，有些 形容词化的过 去分词前可加 very.seem; fell; go; look 等动 词annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried 2) 常见带介词 at 分词： amazed, amused, annoyed, as
6、tonished, delighted, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, excited, offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3) 常见带介词 against 分词： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4) 常见带介词 for 分词： celebrated, concerned, destined, disqualified, noted, prepared, pressed, qualified. 5) 常见带介
7、词 in 分词： absorbed, celebrated, concerned, disappointed, delighted, dressed, embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6) 常见带介 词 on 分词： founded, based, bent, set 7) 常见带介词 to 分词： abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed,
8、 engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8) 常见带介词 with 分词： annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loade
9、d, tormented, torture5. 非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词非谓语动词位置位置 意义和用法意义和用法 例句例句 不定式不定式 动词不定式 必须放在所 修饰词（名 或代）后表示将要发生，应该 做的动作，说明动作 在谓语动词表示动作 之后，具有形容词性 质。I have much work to do. He has no place to live in. 有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词 不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。动名词动名词 动名词放在 在所修饰的说明所修饰词的性质， 具有名词的性质，它He looked me with questioning eyes. 词前
10、同所修饰的名词间不 存在什么主谓关系a living room. 现在现在 分词分词 在所修饰词 前，有些放 在所修饰词 后说明正在进行的动作， 同它所修饰的动作存 在着逻辑主谓关系a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running一一 般般 形形 式式 分词分词 过去过去 分词分词 在所修饰词 前，有些放 在所修饰词 后表示被动的意思，多 数不及物动词的过去 分词不能用作定语， 只有少数表示动作改 变的动词表示在谓词 动词动作之前完成a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, fade
11、d flowers We have no time left. Fill the blanks with the words given.不定式不定式 放在所修饰 词后一般表示要做和应该 做的动作。He is the first one to come this morning. I have a lot of housework to do at home. There is a lot of work to do in the company. He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past.1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词 agreem
12、ent, attempt, claim, decision, decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish 2)说明被修饰词内容的名词 campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, st
13、rength, struggle, means 3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来 的抽象名 ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, impatience, reluctance, willingness短短 语语 分词分词 放在所修饰 词后现在分词短语有动作 进行之意。 过去分词短语有被动 之意。The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. This is the bird shot by the boy. My brother, working in the south will
14、 be coming in a few days.6. 非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词非谓语动词意义和用法意义和用法 例句例句 表示目的，很常用。He went home to see his mother. He came to ask a question. He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study. 表示结果，很常用。She says so well as to bring down the house. Will you be so good as to tell him this? He is not old e
15、nough to do this. He is too excited to speak anything. 表示原因，He laughed to see them fall down. He wept to hear the news. 表示选择和比较She opened her lips as through to speak He would die rather than give in.不定式不定式 表示条件To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring. 表示时间，相当于表示时间， 相当于状语从句 when, while。He wen
16、t through the papers while having breakfast. Since leaving school, I met him only once. 常用于这些连词后 When, before, while, after, since 表示原因，有时同用作时间 状语的分词难以分清，相当 于原因状语从句 because, since, for 和 as。Being ill, he didnt come. Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it. 表示条件，相当于条件状语 从句 if。Given more time, I can finish the work. Well not attack unless attacked. Working hard, youll succeed. 表示让步，相当于让步状语 从句 though, alth
