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1、1 1)指示代词分单数()指示代词分单数(thisthis / / thatthat)和复数()和复数(thesethese / / thosethose)两种形式,既可)两种形式,既可 作限定词又可做代词,例如:作限定词又可做代词,例如: 单数 复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are myteachers.代 词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2 2)指示代词的句法功能;)指示代词的句法功能;a. 作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b. 作宾语I like this bet
2、ter than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c. 作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d. 作介词宾语I dont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说明 1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不 能指人,例如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that 作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this 作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.
3、 (this 作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this 指物,可作宾语)说明 2:That 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但 this 和 these 不能,同时,在 作先行词时,只有 those 可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的 东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮 的人。(those 指人)(错) He admired that who danced well. (that 作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those 指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂 亮的东西。(those 指物)