《英美文学重点总结》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学重点总结（29页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英美文学重点总结第一部份 英国文学上古及中世纪英国文学 Old and Medieval English literature 上古： 450 to 1066 中世纪;1066-14 世纪中叶 Celts Old English poetry: the religious group and the secular one Beowulf: national epic poem Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old Engli
2、sh alliterative verse. The father of English poetry English Homer In the medieval period ：use narrative verse of prose to tell stories of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.第一章 文艺复兴时期 the Renaissance Period 14th and mid-17th centuries Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Golden Age It
3、started in Italy Henry VIII Defender of the Faith Bible in English ancient Roman and Greekculture class struggle Petrarch poetry and poetic drama Elizabethan drama Famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe ,William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson1 埃德蒙 斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser1552-1599 “Our sweetest songs are thos
4、e that sing of saddest feelings”仙后the theme: Fierce warres and faithfull loves allegory Redcross knight and Una. The poets poet 12virtues 12books Arthur Gloriana The five main qualities of spensers poetryare: 1 a perfect melody 2 a rare sense of beauty 3a splendid imagination 4a lofty moral purity a
5、nd seriousness 5a dedicated idealism and use strange forms of speech and obsolete words.2 克里斯托夫 马洛 Christopher Marlowe1564-1593 Six plays black verse: the principal medium of English drama Renaissance hero the pioneer of English drama “University Wits”ambitious and pitiless Tarter conqueror浮士德博士的悲剧
6、German legend confinement to time The theme of Dr.Faustus:A :it celebrates the human passion for knowledge power and happiness B: it also reveals mans frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order C:and the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of mans condition.the most
7、beautiful lyrics in English literature.3 威廉威廉 莎士比亚莎士比亚 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 Playwrights , dramatist, poets 1591-1611was in the prime of his dramatic career. 38plays 戏剧 154sonnets 十四行诗 2 long poems 叙事诗 Stratford-on-Avon“University wits” “an upstart crow” Sonnet18 : meditation eternal beauty
8、origin:Italy“to be,or not to be-that is the question”against Christians /Jews. Two narrative poems Tragedies: Six comedies: Romantic tragicomedies: Romantic tragedy tragedy but optimistic 乐观 spirit.Writing feature: 1 a play in the play 2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient
9、 myth. 3 several threads running through the play 4 combination of tragic and comic elements. Writing style: 1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(alliterateion 头韵，simile 明喻，metaphor 暗喻) 3 use poetry in his play The theme of the sonnet: 1 express love and praise to a yo
10、ung man 2 immortalize beauty through verses 3friendship or betrayal of friendship4 弗兰西斯 培根 Francis Bacon 1561-1626Philosopher, scientist , essayist “knowledge is power” Essays 论说文集或随笔 “founder of modern science in England”is a great tract on education. is the most popular of Bacons 58 essays. “studi
11、es serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.” “some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.” The theme of the of studies:it analyzes what studies chiefly serve for,the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies ex
12、ert influence over human character.新工具新工具 A:It is a successful treatise written in latin on methodology. B:the argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study. C:bacon first expounds the four great false conceivings that beset mens ming and prevent them from seeking the
13、truth. D:Bacon suggests the inductive reasoning 归纳推理法 (proceeding from the particular to the general) Aristotelian method,the deductive reasoning 演绎推理法 (preceeding from the general to the particular.) E:by putting forwardd this theory,bacon,as a humanist intellect,shows the new empirical attitudes t
14、oward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.Knowledge divides into two kinds: Devine Revelation and the working of human mind Mans understanding consists of three parts: A history to mans memory B poetry to imagination and creation C philosophy to mans reason Bacons e
15、ssays are famous for their brevity , compactness, and powerfulness. Montaigne 蒙田（法国文艺复兴思想家散文家）is the predecessor of Bacon.5 约翰 邓恩 John Donne 1572-1631 A merchant family.He was famed as a Preacher 传教士传教士, lyric poet, a great visitor of ladies, a gteat frequenter of plays, a great writer of conceited
16、verses syllogism 三段论 “metaphysical poetry” he is the leading figure of the “metaphysical school”. Donnes great prose works are his sermons,which are both rich and imaginative. Donnes poetry involves a kind of argument ,in rigid syllogistic form.love is the basic theme.Feature: artificial 人工 witty conceit 灰谐 obscure 含糊不清 6 约翰约翰 弥尔顿弥尔顿 John Milton 16
