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1、现现在在完完成成进进行行时时的的谓谓语语动动词词构构成成现现在在完完成成进进行行时时 (Present perfect continuous)主语+have（has）been+动词-ing（一一）表表示示从从过过去去某某时时开开始始一一直直持持续续到到现现在在的的动动作作，并并且且还还将将持持续续下下去去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有 2000 年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在
2、学英语。（动作还将继续下去） I study for Engilsh since 10 years ago.（二二）表表示示在在说说话话时时刻刻之之前前到到现现在在正正在在进进行行的的动动作作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了 (人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等 )（三三）有有些些现现在在完完成成进进行行时时的的句句子子等等同同于于 现现在在完完成成时时 的的句句子子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in th
3、is city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了 10 年了。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作五年了。（四四）大大多多数数现现在在完完成成进进行行时时的的句句子子不不等等同同于于现现在在完完成成时时的的句句子子。I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。They have been building a bridge.他
4、们一直在造一座桥。They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（五五）表表示示状状态态的的 动动词词不不能能用用于于现现在在完完成成进进行行时时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。* I have been knowing.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有： love 爱，like 喜欢，hate 讨厌，等。比比较较一一般般过过去去时时与与现现在在完完成成时时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的 时间状语连用，而现
5、在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时 的时间状语 :yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语 :this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3）现在完成
6、时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的 非持续性动词 有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（
7、强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续 )He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续 )He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团， joined 为短暂行为。 )I have finished my homework now.-Will somebod
8、y go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间 副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.过过去去完完成成时时1） 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是 had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在2） 用法a. 在 told, said, knew, hear
9、d, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时 ；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示 “原本，未能“We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3) 过去完成时的
10、时间状语 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.现现在在完完成成进进行行时时其构成形式如下：I / we / they have b
11、een + 动词的现在分词He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词功用如下：1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下 )Jack has been feeling very well recently.3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在
12、，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的 结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.标志:1 句中常有延续性动词 2 时间点前有 since注意：现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。现在完成时态 可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验
13、、但现在完成进行时不可以现在完成进行时的否定结构在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：Since that unfortunate accident last week, I havent been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.He hasnt been working for me and I havent has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。否定句构成：主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他一般疑问句 构成:Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
