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1、1大学英语作文的构建模式大学英语作文的构建模式现代化的高楼大厦可以风格迥异，却也都是构建于最基本的建筑结构之上。英语写作 也不例外，写好它，有一套常规整体构建模式。今天我们就奉献给大家一盘“丰盛的大餐” ， 花 8 分钟认真地读完它，你可能会提高 23 分，花 15 分钟仔细地研究一番，那么你的大 作有可能一不小心就到了高分档啦！ 我们首先来分析段落结构模式。 段落是由几个彼此衔接的句子组成的。根据这些句子 的功能和作用，我们可将其分为： 1主题句（topic sentence） 2发展句（developing sentence） 3结论句（concluding sentence） 一个段落只
2、能有一个中心思想，代表这个中心思想的句子叫做主题句。英语的文章非 常强调主题句，它通常位于段首。 其他的句子必须紧紧围绕着主题句展开，对之加以阐明、补充、发挥、议论，或提供 细节。这些为主题句服务的句子叫作发展句。 有时，主题句也可先在段首一提，最后又在段末重述一遍，使段落中心思想占段落首 尾两个显著位置。对于这样的段末句，我们称之为结论句。 一个段落(尤其是作文的中间段/发展段)的结构可以图示如下。 例如： Ever since early this century，electricity has become an essential part of our modern lifeFirs
3、t of all，with the development of modern industry，industrial production needs more and more electricityNext，the development of modern agriculture also relies on electricityLast but not least，our daily life has much to do with itIn a word，it can be said that in modern society man cannot exist without
4、electricity 如果我们把这段例文按上图进行分解，其结构便一目了然： 2下面我们开始分析英语作文宏观结构：英语写作一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段（中间段或发展段）和一个结尾段。 开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。 一、一、开头段开头段 开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨， 具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四、五句即可。开头段的作用：概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。开头段的作用：概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。 【写作要点写作要点】 写开头段时考生应该避免的若干问题: 1
5、) 开头偏离主题太远； 2) 使用抱歉或埋怨之词句； 3) 内容不具体，言之无物； 4) 使用不言自明的陈述。 【方法例释方法例释】 写作文时，好多考生也是觉得开头难，其实，写开头段有多种表达方法，如主题句法、 提问法、引语法、数据法、背景法、定义法，等等，下面分别讲解开头的几种展开方法: 1. 主题句法：开篇点明主题，用主题句，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。主题句法：开篇点明主题，用主题句，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。例如：Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a forei
6、gn language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for ones career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language. 2. . 提问法：提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨提问法：提出有争议或探讨性
7、的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨 论。论。例如：3What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work？based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides
8、more than material things. 3. 引语法：使用引语引语法：使用引语(use(use a a quotation)quotation)：使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、：使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、 习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。例如： “Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profoun
9、d significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success. 4. 数据法：使用具体详实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在。数据法：使用具体详实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在。 例如： In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline in the number of young married
10、 couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent. 5.5. 背景法：给出背景，描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等背景法：给
11、出背景，描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等. .例如： Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in
12、 newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern. 6.6. 定义法：针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。定义法：针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。例如： Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn
13、to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Tech
14、nology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it. 【他山之石他山之石】 开头段常用核心句型开头段常用核心句型 开头段的常用核心句型，选一选适合你自己的“武器”： 1) The arguer may be
15、right about., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that . 42) Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that. 3) There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that. 4) It is true that ., but this is not to say that. 5) The main / obvious proble
16、m with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that. 6) It would be natural / reasonable to think that., but it would be absurd to claim that. 7) In all the discussion and debate over., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected. 8) There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that. 9) To assume that.is far from being proved. 10) A close inspection of this argument would rev
