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1、i本本科科毕毕业业设设 计计（论论 文文）题题目目提高顶替效率的提高顶替效率的钻井液性能要求的理论探索钻井液性能要求的理论探索摘摘 要要在固井施工前，为提高顶替效率，一般均要求对钻井液的性能进行调整。而对钻井液性能的参数具体调整到什么数值，目前现场大多是凭经验给出，也有一些关于钻井液性能调整的理论和原则，但总的来说理论根据仍比较缺乏。选择本课题的目的就是：针对直井层流顶替情形，从理论上探索性地研究提高顶替效率的钻井液性能要求的计算方法，为生产现场固井前调整钻井液性能提供理论依据。本文针对直井、层流、套管居中的情况，在对顶替时钻井液与水泥浆受力分析的基础上，建立了钻井液与水泥浆之间顶替的数学模型
2、。通过推导，最终给出了钻井液不发生滞留的流变性能要求的计算表达式。文中分析了钻井液流变性能与水泥浆和钻井液之间的密度差、水泥浆动切力、井眼与套管尺寸组合等因素的关系。研究结果表明：增加水泥浆与钻井液的密度差、增加水泥浆的稠度系数或钻井液的流性指数、增加水泥浆的塑性粘度、以及增大水泥浆或钻井液的动切力，都有利于提高顶替效率；反之，增加水泥浆的流性指数或钻井液的稠度系数，或增加钻井液的塑性粘度，会使水泥浆的顶替效率降低。研究结果有助于明确注水泥过程中环空顶替机理，为注水泥设计与施工提供必要的理论依据。ii建议在固井施工中，尽量降低钻井液的稠度系数，以降低钻井液的动切力，同时扩大水泥浆与钻井液的正密
3、度差，可提高顶替效率。关键词关键词：固井；顶替效率；钻井液性能要求；计算方法iiiAbstractBefore cementing, it is necessary to adjust the abilities of drilling fluid in order to improve the displacement efficiency, but there is no clear values. At the moment, the values are almost given by experiences, and there are some theories and rules
4、 about the adjusting for the abilities of drilling fluid. Generally speaking, the basis for theories are yet lacked. The aim of this topic is : being aimed at the displacement of straight well, lamellar flow, to study the calculation method about the requirement for the the abilities of drilling flu
5、id on theory, it will supply the theoretical criterion of adjusting the abilities of drilling fluid for cementing.In this paper, being aimed at the situation of straight well, lamellar flow and the casing pipe being in the middle, the mechanical model of displacement between cement slurry and drilli
6、ng fluid were built up, on the base of analysing the force of displacement between cement slurry and drilling fluid. According to deriving, the final calculation expression is obtained for cementing without drilling fluid retention.Then the relationships are analyzed about the rheological of drillin
7、g fluid with the density differences, the drilling fluids yield points, the consistency index, the combinations of hole size and casing size.Research results demonstrate that increasing the density difference between the cement slurry and the drilling fluid, the consistency coefficient of cement slu
8、rry or the liquidity index of drilling fluid, the plastic viscosity of cement slurry, and the yield point of cement slurry or drilling fluid, all help to improve the displacement efficiency of cement slurry. On the contrary, increasing the liquidity index of cement slurry or the consistency coeffici
9、ent of drilling fluid, or increasing the plastic viscosity of drilling fluid, will reduce the displacement efficiency of cement slurry. Research results can contribute to better understand the annular displacement mechanism in cement squeezing, and provide necessary theoretical foundations for the d
10、esign and execution of cementing.While cementing, it is recommend to reduce the consistency index of drilling fluid in order to reduce the Yield Point of drilling fluid ,at the same time, expanding the positive density difference of slurrys density larger than drilling fluids density ,so as to impro
11、ve the displacing efficiency.ivKeywords：cementing；displacement efficiency；requirement on drilling fluids properties；calculation method目目 录录1 1 绪论绪论 .1 11.1 研究的目的和意义.11.2 国内外研究现状.11.3 课题研究的主要内容与技术路线.41.3.1 主要研究内容.41.3.2 技术路线.42 2 注水泥顶替机理注水泥顶替机理 .5 52.1 基本概念.52.1.1 钻井液的流变性.52.1.2 塑性流体.82.1.3 假塑性流体.92.1.4 提高顶替效率的措施.122.2 顶替类型.162.2.1 轴向流顶替.162.2.2 螺旋流顶替理论.173 3 提高顶替效率的钻井液性能要求的计算模型提高顶替效率的钻井液性能要求的计算模型 .18183.1 塞流顶替时模型的推导验证.
