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1、 1 / 8英英语语肯定、否定句子肯定、否定句子结构结构解析解析一、部分否定一、部分否定 常用词有代词或副词：all、both、every、everybody、every day、everyone、many、everything、entirely、altogether、absolutely、wholly、comp letely、weathered、always、often 等和 not 搭配时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不 是每个都是”。Both of them are not my brothers.All is not gold that glitters=not all is gol
2、d that glitters.Every man cannot do it=not every man can do itI dont remember all these formulas.This kind of tree is not found everywhere.The rich are not always happy.Every couple is not a pair. 二、二、转转移否定移否定a.否定主语，但否定词 not 在形式上往往否定谓语。Everybody cannot enjoy pop music.（not everyone）b.否定表语和宾语，但否定词 no
3、t 在形式上往往否定谓语。The cloth does not feel very soft.=The cloth feels not very soft.I dont agree with all of you. (some of you)I dont like both of the books. (I like not both of them.)c.否定状语，但否定词 not 在形式上往往否定谓语。He has not come to the decision quickly. (not quickly)I did not do it for myself. (I did it not
4、 for myself.)The students did not sit there listening to the teacher.d.在 notand 结构中，否定的往往是 and 后的部分，但否定词 not 往往否定谓语。The house is not big and comfortable.The house is not big、but comfortable.The house is not big or comfortable.He doesnt speak Russian and French.Dont drink and drive.We cant put on air
5、s and make people like us.正确理解和区分部分否定和全部否定很重要，稍一疏忽，就会铸成译文上的大错。 a.I dont know anything about her.（一无所知）I dont know everything about her.（并不全知道） b. None of the answers are right.（都不正确）All the answers are not right. （并非都正确） c.I dont know any of them.（全不认识） I dont know all of them.（并非都认识）三、三、双双重否定重否定 意意
6、义义肯定肯定 双重否定指同一句子里出现两个否定词，即否定之否定，双重否定句表达的意思是肯 定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重些，译成汉语就译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定的形 式。2 / 8否定词without 意为 “ 每 必” What appeared to me wonderful was that none of the ants came home without bringing something. 使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回来都带回一些东西。 There is no smoke without fire. 有烟必有火。无火不起烟。 No one can command others
7、 who cant command himself.There was never a great genius without a tincture of madness.There are no roses without thorns.You cant make something out of nothing.Whats done cant be undone.Nothing is nothing at all.Hardly a day passed without our learning anything new.可用于表示双重否定的词有： nonot、no (not)withou
8、t、nobut、cannot but+v、cannot help+v- ing、without doubt、without fail、cannot help + v、without exception、nothing less but、（正是） none but （除外，别无）、no one but （除了 外，没有别人）、none too（一 点也不）have no alternative/choice but to do （除，别无选择）、There is no doubt that、There is no denying that、There is no question that、no
9、t seldom、not infrequently、not unlike、not displeased 四、几乎否定四、几乎否定几乎否定表示整个句子的意思接近于否定，常用的词有：little、few、barely、hardly、rarely、scarcely、seldomThis problem has been little studied.He little realized the danger he was in.She is barely right.I seldom got any sleep last night.Scarcely anything remains to be s
10、aid. 五、形式否定五、形式否定 意意义义肯定肯定英语中有些形式上，否定而内容含义上都是肯定的结构，这是为了达到某种交际的目 的而采取一种以否定句式来表达肯定含义的修辞方法，以加强语气或使语气更加委婉含蓄。 译成汉语时不能拘泥于原文的表层结构的否定，要忠实于原文的含义。 1、cannot wait 后跟不定式，cannot 也可改用 can hardly，scarcely，never, 意为“急 于 做”，表示强调的肯定 I couldnt wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。 I cannot wait to read the book. 我非常渴望读到这本书。 2、 cann
11、ot/couldnttoo 意为 “越越 ，非常，无论怎样也不过分” 在此 结构中，cannot 也可改用 can hardly，scarcely，never；too 也可改用 over，enough 等。 3 / 8A man can never have too many friends. 朋友越多越好。 He cannot see you quickly enough. 他想很快见到你。You cannot be too cautious.You can hardly praise him too much.A man can never have too many friends.Ne
12、wtons contribution to modern science can scarcely be overrated.He cant see you quickly enough.I cannot wait to read your new book. I cannot wait to see her.否定词 no,not,little,nothing,none,nobody,etc 与 but,beyond,except,etc 连用 eg: Nobody but Peter can do it well.(=Only Peter can do it well.)。 3、not,no
13、 (nobody) but 都、没有，不，只有，才 There is no man but has his faults. 人皆有过。 No one believes but she will succeed. 人们相信他会成功。 There is no one but knows him. 人人都认识他。There is no man but has his faults.There is no rule but has exception.Nobody reads the book but will be moved.There exists no man but has an enemy
14、.这种结构中的 but 起关系代词的作用，相当于 that、which、who does/will/have not. 4、never (not)but (that)每当总是，没有哪次不是I never see you but I think of my mother. 每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。 He will not be angry but that he is offended. 人们惹了他他才会生气。I never see you but think of my mother.It never rains but it pours.Never a day passed but
15、 brought us good news. He will not be angry but that he is offended. 5、nothing but、none but 仅仅，只，只有才 nothing but 后接非指人的名词、none but 后接指人的名词，与 nothing other than 同义 意为“仅仅，只有才” We can see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。 None but me knew what happened. 只有我知道发生了什么事情。 He chose none but the best. 他只选最好的。We fou
16、nd none but an old man in the room.None but me knew what happened.None but a fool would do such a thing. You can find that sort of bird nowhere but in Australia.6、 nothing else than（仅仅，完全）His failure was due to noting else than his own carelessness.4 / 87、 no (none) other than 正是、仅仅是 She is none other than my teacher. 她正是我的老师。 The letter was written by none other than Mary. 写这封信的正是玛莉。This is no other than the book we want to
