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1、定语从句定语从句 定义及相关术语定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副 词有 when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当 一个成分关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中做主语。 Those who want to
2、 go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who) you talked about on the bus. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 The factory which makes c
3、omputers is far away from here. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which.。在定语从句中作宾语时常 可省略。 The number of people who/that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. The person (whom/who/that) you introduced to me is very kind. The season which/
4、that comes after spring is summer. The book (which/that) he picked up this morning is Jacks. that 在定语从句中作表语，作表语时常可省略。 He is no longer the naughty boy (that) he was ten years ago. It is impossible to be something (that) we physically cant be. 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose
5、name is known all over the country. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，whose 可用 of which the 来代替： The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book of which the cover is yellow? “介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引
6、出。 The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.“介词+关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代 词或者数词。He loves his paren
7、ts deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 关系
8、副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to this school. Do you remember the years when (=in which) he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 The house where (=in which) I lived ten years ago
9、 has been pulled down. I visited the farm where (=on which) a lot of cows were raised. 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why (= for which) you missed the plane.非限制性定语从句的特点非限制性定语从句的特点 先行词常为专有名词或具有唯一性特点。 用逗号“， ”与主句隔开。 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上 A. 不可省略子 B. 不用 that
10、 C. 不可用 who 代替 whom His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year. 限制性定语从句中只能用限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况 1.当先行词是 e
11、verything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some 等代词 时，或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等代词修饰时。 Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There i
12、s little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information (that) they needed. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。 The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film (that)I have ever seen. 4.当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。 This is the very di
13、ctionary (that) I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing (that) he owns. 5.当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词为人与物时。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.关系代词关系
14、代词 as 和和 which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He married her, as/which was natural. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后， 相当于 and this/that/it。另外，as 常 常有“正如、正像”的含义。 As is known to all, China is a dev
15、eloping country. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用 which。 Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 3. 当
16、先行词受 such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用 as。 Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as/that I lost last week. 注意：当先行词受 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但与 as 引导的定语从 句意思有区别。That 引导的表同一个，而 as 引导的表类似的。 区分下列各句，看哪个是定语从句，哪个是结果状主语从句： This is such a difficult problem that nobody can solve it. This is such a difficult problem as nobody can solve. This is so difficult a problem that nobody can solve it. This i
