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1、武武 汉汉 大大 学学硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文基于基于 Linux 的嵌入式的嵌入式 操作系操作系统统的研究与的研究与设计设计Research and Design of Embedded Operating System Based on LinuxI摘 要在后 PC 时代，对嵌入式系统的研究与开发成为当前的一个热点，嵌入式系统蕴含着巨大的市场需求，其应用已渗透到了各行各业。Linux 是一种通用而且适合于嵌入式系统的操作系统，它既可以嵌入到一个非常小的系统中处理简单的任务，也可以组合起来处理非常复杂的任务。因此，对嵌入式Linux 的研究具有非常重要的意义。通过对 Linux 内
2、核源代码和嵌入式系统特殊性的分析，作者给出了嵌入式 Linux 的开发步骤并讨论了在开发过程中的一些重要问题。由于 Linux 实时性能的缺陷，而嵌入式系统往往要应用到实时性能要求很高的环境，作者对 Linux 进程管理部分进行了深入分析，提出了添加实时内核，改进实时调度方式等方法来增强 Linux 的实时性能，使其适应嵌入式系统的实时需求。本文对 Linux 文件管理和虚拟文件系统进行了分析，比较了各种可用于嵌入式系统的文件系统，并提出了构建嵌入式文件系统的基本方法。根据嵌入式系统存储空间小和实时性要求高的特点，作者对 Linux 的虚拟内存机制进行了改造，并提出了两种改进方案，一种是通过直
3、接修改内核源代码来彻底去掉虚拟内存机制，另一种是通过将交换空间置零的方法来消除虚拟内存机制的不利影响。MiniGUI 是一个优秀的图形用户界面，本文详细分析了 MiniGUI 的原理和机制，并对基于 MiniGUI 的图形应用开发做了简单讨论。最后，本文还详细讨论了 Linux 的设备管理机制，并对设备驱动程序的开发方式进行了归纳总结。通过举例说明了字符设备的驱动程序的开发方式，对块设备和网络设备的驱动程序开发也进行了简要介绍。关键字：嵌入式 Linux实时虚拟内存管理MiniGUI设备驱动程序IIAbstractIn the pervasive computing, research and
4、 development for embedded systems have become a hotspot currently. The huge market demand is latent in embedded systems, and embedded systems have already applied to every walk of life. Linux is a versatile and cost effective operating system for embedded systems. It can be embedded in a surprisingl
5、y small system to handle simple tasks and scaled up to handle more complex tasks. Therefore, the research for embedded linux is very important. Through the analysis of linux kernel source code and specificity of embedded systems, the author presents steps of development for embedded linux and discus
6、ses some important problem which will be met in developing. Because of the shortage of real-time performance, and because embedded systems are applied to the environment which requires a very high real-time performance, the author analyzes process management of linux thoroughly. Moreover, the author
7、 present the approach of strengthening linux real-time performance through adding real-time kernel and reforming real-time scheduling. By these ways, linux will meet the real-time demand of embedded systems. This term analyzes file system management and virtual file system of linux and hase a compar
8、itson among many file system of embedded systems. Then, the author present the fundamental approach of building embedded file system. According to the feature of small memory space and high real-time demand of embedded system, the author reforms virtual memory management mechanism of linux and prese
9、nt two reforming approach: one is that virtual memory management mechanism is got rid of through modifying linux kernel source code; the other is that virtual memory management mechanism is taken off through putting the size of switch space into zero.MiniGUI is a excellent graphics user interface. T
10、his term analyzes the principle and mechanism of MiniGUI in detail, and discusses the development of IIIMiniGUI applications. At last, this term discusses the device management mechanism of linux, and concludes the developing approaches of device driver. Through a example the developing approaches o
11、f character device driver are explained, and the developing approaches of block device driver and network device also are introduced briefly.Keywords: embedded linux, real-time, virtual memory management, MiniGUI,device driver目 录摘 要 .I Abstract.II 引 言 第1章 绪 论.1 1.1 嵌入式系统概况.1 1.2 嵌入式操作系统的特点和发展.3 1.3 嵌入式Linux的优势和发展现状.4 1.4 嵌入式Linux系统研究中的问题.6 第2章 嵌入式Linux系统的构建.8 2.1 嵌入式Linux的开发流程.8 2.2 构建嵌入式Linux的关键问题.9 2.3 嵌入式Linux开发的步骤.11 第3章 嵌入式Linux实时性能的改造.18 3.1 Linux进程管理的实时性能分析.18 3.2 Linux在实时性方面的缺陷和关键问题.20 3.3 嵌入式Linux实时化改造方法.21 第4章 嵌入式Linux系统的文件系统.26 4.1 Linux的文件系统管理.26 4.2 各种不同的文件系统.27 4.3 适合嵌入式环境的文件系统.
