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1、定定语语从句从句讲讲解及解及练习练习定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名名词词 或代代词词 的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代关系代词词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系关系副副词词 where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在
2、定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或 whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语宾语，常可
3、省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代注意：关系代词词 whom 在口在口语语和非正式和非正式语语体中常用体中常用 who 代替，可省略代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he
4、bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)具体使用具体使用时还时还要注意下列要注意下列问题问题： 1,只能使用只能使用 that,不用不用 which 的情况：的情况：(1) 先行词是
5、all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代不定代词词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数序数词词或被序数或被序数词词修修饰饰的的词词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容形容词词最高最高级级或被形容或被形容词词最
6、高最高级级修修饰饰的的词词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2,只用只用 which 不用不用 that 的情况：的情况：(3) 非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中从句中，不能用关系代词 that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang. That neckla
7、ce,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.非限定性定非限定性定语语从句从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引引导词导词和先和先行行词词之之间间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 （非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you 这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4
8、) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用 which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用 who。5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a frie
9、nd whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color
10、 of which is yellow?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. “介介词词关系代关系代词词“是一个普
11、遍使用的是一个普遍使用的结结构。构。(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用只可用 whom 或或 which, 不可用不可用 that 。 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介介词宾语词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行先行词词与定与定语语从句之从句之间间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行
12、词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 像像 listen to, look at, take care of 等固定短等固定短语动词语动词，在定，在定语语从句中一般不宜将介从句中一般不宜将介词词与与动词动词分开。分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.热身练习请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先
13、行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have i
14、n school. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、 、which 、 、who、 、 whom 、 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ yo
15、u are asking about is over there.7. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.8. These books _ you lent me were very useful.9. This is shirt _I bought yesterday. 10. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word. 11. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer. 12. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、三、单项选择单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ( ) 2. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A. in which
