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1、情态动词must 用法1) 表示“必须”此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,用于否定句时,mustnt 的意思是“一定不要” “不能” ,而不表示“不必” 。如:Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。Must I finish the work tonight? 我必须今晚完成这项工作吗? Adverbs mustn t be put between the verb and the object. 副词不能放在动词和宾语之间。must 主要表示现在或将来,但在间接引语中也可表过去(=had to)。如:She asked her
2、boss if she must (had to) work overtime. 她请示上司她是否要加班。对于 must 开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用neednt,不用mustnt。如:“Must I clean all the rooms? ” “No, you neednt.” “这些房间我都得清扫吗?” “不必。”(2) 表示推测意为“准是”“一定是”,通常只用于肯定句。若用于否定句或疑问句,则用can 代之。如:That can t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. 那不是解决问
3、题的唯一办法,肯定有另外的办法。Jane s light is on. She must be at home. She cant be out. 简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家,不会出去的。若要谈论过去的情况,必须用“must+have+过去分词”。如:You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。She must have been very young when she got married. 她结婚时一定很年轻。He must have come this way; here are his footprints. 他一定是走这条路来
4、的,这里还有他的脚 印呢。(3) 表示“偏偏”有时 must 可表示某事发生得不早不迟,就在某个当紧的时候,多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如:The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假,汽车偏偏坏了。Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy cooking dinner? 她正忙着做饭你干吗偏偏问她问题 ? Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙
5、碌的时候,邻居偏偏过来聊天。有时还可指主观上的偏执或固执,常可译为“偏”“偏要”。如:After I gave her my advice ,she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏要反着干。Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗?(4) must 与 have to 的区别两者都表示“必须” ,但must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to 则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。如:Everyone must keep the law. 人人都要守法。The l
6、ast train has gone. Well have to walk home. 最后一班车已经开了,我们得走回家了。从时态方面看, must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to 则有多种时态形式。如() :You will have to show your papers at the gate. 在大门口你得出示证件。We have had to postpone the meeting, due to the Chairwoman s illness. 由于女主席生病了,我们不得不推迟开会。另外, have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而
7、must 则没有这些形式。如:Its annoying to have to get up early on Sundays. 星期日必须早起,令人恼火。You should offer to help without my having to ask. 你应该不用我请求就提供帮助。用于否定句时,must 的否定式mustnt 意为“一定不要” “不允许”;而 have to 的否定式dont have to 意为“不必”(=neednt)。比较:You mustnt tell him about it 你一定不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密 ) You dont have to tell him about it 你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了) From: http:/