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1、2012-2015 年天津商业大学语言学及翻译考研真题及答案年天津商业大学语言学及翻译考研真题及答案专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 课程名称：语言学及翻译（804）共 4 页 第 1 页说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。Linguistics (100 marks)I. Studying linguistics, we have come across a lot of technical terms, some of whichare listed below. Please write out the most acceptable definitions for each
2、 ofthem. (10 %)a) performance;b) language;c) langue;d) complementary distribution;e) suprasegmental features; f) root;g) transformation; h) conventional implicature;i) registerj) linguistic imperialismII.Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists, some of whomare listed below.
3、Write out a phrase that may best represent their contributionsto linguistics. （10%）a) Noam Chomskyb) M. A. K. Hallidayc) John Searled) Ferdinand de Saussuree) L. Bloomfieldf) J. Firthg) William Labovh) B. Whorfi) John Austinj) Roman JakobsonIII. Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own tech
4、nical ways of operation. Tryto fill the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics. (15%)1. Please give the corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions:专业：外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称：语言学及翻译（804）共 4 页 第 2 页voiced dental fricative: a)_voiced velar stop: b)_voiceless affricate palatal
5、: c)_2. In skirt /k/ is articulated as kh; in kite, /k/ is articulated as kl. kh and kl aretherefore d)_ of e)_ because they are not distinctive inf)_.3. In Cooperative Principle, maxim of Manner includes following principles: avoidobscurity of expression, g)_, be brief, and h)_.4. Please divide the
6、 following words into their separate morphemes by placing a “+”between each morpheme and the next:i) forefather _; j) internationalization_.5. From the perspective of lexical sense relation, petrol and gasoline are in therelationofk)_;furnitureandtableareintherelationofl)_.6. In syntax, it is believ
7、ed that word-level categories are divided into two kinds, theyare m)_ and n)_.7. In morphology, the ways words are formed are called o)_, whichdetermine how morphemes combine to form words.IV. To be a student of linguistics, it is important to develop a sense of criticalthinking. Please answer the f
8、ollowing questions to demonstrate your criticalpotentials. (35%)1. What are synchronic study and diachronic study? Which is preferred by modern专业：外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称：语言学及翻译（804）共 4 页 第 3 页linguistics? Why? (7%)2. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation.Give the de
9、ep structure and the surface structure of the sentence below: wouldyou come tomorrow? (5%)3. Why is the notion of context essential to the pragmatic study of language? (8%)4. Is it possible that there is a relationship between language and social class?Justify your answer. (7%)5. Explain the relatio
10、nship between language and culture. Can you find a similarrelationship between local dialect and regional culture? (8 %)V. Write two short essays on the following topics to demonstrate your potential ofdoing linguistics. (30%)1.List at least three fundamental works in the development of Pragmatics,
11、and givean account of each. (15%)2.Please elaborate the contributions of discourse analysis (in a general sense) tolinguistic studies (15%)Translation (50 marks)ITurn the following passage into Chinese（25）By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 p
12、ercent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, its closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably havent heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruc
13、tion. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称：语言学及翻译（804）共 4 页 第 4 页private university in the country. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syll
14、abi, reading assignments , and schedules on Websites, andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether. The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, theres the convenience promised b
15、y courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas. But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rate for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students
16、 themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course. Cleary from the schools perspective, theres a lot of money to b
