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1、1Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in English LearningAbstract语言迁移是外语习得过程中的一种普遍现象，这是由于学习者在学习外语之前一直用母 语进行交流，因此对母语的使用规则非常熟悉。由于语言学习有很多相同之处，当人们学 习外语的时候，不可避免的将母语的使用规则应用到了所学外语中。然而，两种语言在很 多方面有异同点，因此出现了两种语言迁移：正迁移和负迁移。正迁移对英语学习起着积 极的作用，而负迁移却起着消极的作用，而且造成很多麻烦。母语负迁移对外语学习的影 响主要表现在以下几个方面：语音负迁移，词汇负迁移，语法负迁移，写作方面的负迁
2、移。 这篇论文首先对母语迁移的定义进行了阐述，然后就四个方面的影响进行分别阐述，最后 列出了几个减少负迁移的对策。 关键词：语言迁移，负迁移，正迁移，对策Language transfer is a universal phenomenon in the process of second language acquisition; this is because learners have been using their native language to communicate with each other for a long time before they learn a fo
3、reign language, they have been familiar with the rules of native language. Since there are many similarities in language learning, when they learn a foreign language, they are inevitably transfer these rules into the foreign language, however，there are differences and similarities between different
4、languages，hence appears two kinds of transfer : Positive transfer and negative transfer. Positive transfer plays a positive role in English learning ,while negative transfer just the opposite and cause a lot of troubles. Positive transfer mainly shows in the following aspects: Phonemics, vocabulary，
5、grammar，writing etc. This paper first illustrated the definition of negative transfer, then carried an analysis of every aspect and finally gave some practical suggestions on how to minimize the influence of negative influence.Key words: language transfer, negative transfer, positive transfer, sugge
6、stion 2Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in English LearningContentsAbstract.1Introduction.2Chapter IDefining negative transfer.2 Chapter IIThe influence of negative transfer on phonemic . 32.1. Negative influence on pronunciation.32.2. Negative influence on rhythm42.3. Negative influence on tune.4
7、ChapterThe influence of negative transfer on vocabulary4 3.1Negative transfer on word meaning.43.2. The misuse of part of speech.53.3Collocation of word5Chapter IV. The influence of negative transfer on English grammar.6Chapter VThe influence of negative transfer on writing.6Chapter VIVI. Advice for
8、 reducing negative transfer7 36.1. Have a correct view on language transfer.76.2. Increasing the amount of language input86.3. Enhance the import of cultural background.8Conclusions.8Notes.9Bibliography.10Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in English LearningIntroductionNowadays，with the rapid devel
9、opment of our society，English as an international language has played an increasingly important role in the process of international communication. Second language acquisition is different from the first language acquisition, and the second language learners generally fail to attain native-like comp
10、etence if they do not learn English in English-speaking countries. Second language acquisition research shows that mother language transfer is one of the important factors that influence second language acquisition. Error Analysis, which is theoretically based on cognitive psychology, examines the a
11、ctual errors produced by the learner in the target language. During the process of foreign language learning，the influence of mother tongue in foreign language study can not be ignored. Generally speaking，there are positive transfer and negative transfer of mother tongue in foreign language learning
12、. We should make best use of the advantages and overcome the disadvantages; the purpose of this article is to analyze language transfer and find the most effective way to study foreign language.Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in English Learning4Chapter IDefining negative transferTransfer, derive
13、d from the Latin word “transferre”, means “to carry”, “to bear” or “to print, impress or otherwise copy (as a drawing or engraved design) from one surface to another” 1. Transfer is originally a basic concept in psychology. In psychology, it refers to “the phenomenon of previous knowledge being exte
14、nded to the area of new knowledge, that is to say, the influence which we learning or remembering of one thing has on which we learning or remembering of another thing”. And it is this concept that forms the psychological basis for “language transfer”. Negative transfer is “the interference of previ
15、ous learning in the process of learning something new，such as switching from an old manual typewriter to a computer keyboard”2. Negative transfer occurs when the previous performance disrupts the performance on a second task. (Brown, 1994) In the forward to Linguistics Across Cultures, a highly influenced manual on contrastive analysis by Lado, Fries stated: “learning a second language constitutes a very different task from lea
